Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Aug;71:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.007. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are subsets of T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and in blood. These cells are activated directly by cytokines or by vitamin B metabolites antigen presentation. MAIT cells possess antimicrobial potential against viruses and bacteria through production of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. MAIT cells generally reduce in numbers and function during viral and bacterial infections/diseases. Mice and humans lacking MAIT cells cannot effectively control bacterial infections. MAIT cells respond rapidly to infections and are rapidly recruited to the site of vaccination or infection including the lungs where they can be involved in controlling local inflammation. These characteristics of MAIT cells offer them a unique potential to be explored as potential targets for vaccines.
黏膜相关恒定 T（MAIT）细胞是 T 细胞的亚群，大量存在于人体黏膜组织和血液中。这些细胞通过细胞因子或维生素 B 代谢物的抗原呈递被直接激活。MAIT 细胞通过细胞因子和细胞毒性分子的产生具有抗微生物的潜力，能够抵抗病毒和细菌。在病毒和细菌感染/疾病期间，MAIT 细胞的数量和功能通常会减少。缺乏 MAIT 细胞的小鼠和人类无法有效控制细菌感染。MAIT 细胞对感染的反应迅速，并迅速募集到疫苗接种或感染部位，包括肺部，在肺部它们可以参与控制局部炎症。MAIT 细胞的这些特征使它们成为疫苗潜在靶点的独特潜力。
