University Frères Mentouri Constantine, 1. Road Ain El Bey, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
University Frères Mentouri Constantine, 1. Road Ain El Bey, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jun;138:111487. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111487. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
CRISPR is a family of DNA repeats providing immunity against viral and plasmid invading DNA in bacteria and archaea. The system consist of an endonuclease Cas, guided by a RNA sequence, able to cleave the DNA double strand at a specific site. The discovery of Crispr function in 2007 has revolutionized genetic engineering by giving to the world the most powerful and precise tool for targeted genome editing. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on Crispr/cas system and its application in biomedical field. In particular, we focus on the relevance of this new tool in progressing our comprehension for biological mechanisms and improving our ability to treat and prevent genetic diseases, to control microbial virulence and to generate animal models for basic and clinical research. We discuss also the ethical issues that may prevent the application of Crispr technology in living beings.
CRISPR 是一组 DNA 重复序列，为细菌和古菌提供了针对病毒和质粒入侵 DNA 的免疫能力。该系统由内切酶 Cas 组成，由 RNA 序列引导，能够在特定位置切割 DNA 双链。2007 年发现了 Crispr 的功能，通过为世界提供最强大、最精确的靶向基因组编辑工具，彻底改变了基因工程。本综述的目的是综合当前关于 Crispr/cas 系统及其在生物医学领域应用的知识。特别是，我们专注于这个新工具在增进我们对生物机制的理解以及提高我们治疗和预防遗传疾病、控制微生物毒力和为基础和临床研究生成动物模型的能力方面的重要性。我们还讨论了可能阻止 Crispr 技术在生物体内应用的伦理问题。
