State School of Technology and Economics, Jarosław, Poland.
Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopaedics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021 Mar 18;28(1):11-19. doi: 10.26444/aaem/116906. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Every year there is an increase in the number of cases and deaths due to the majority of cancers. Currently, these diseases constitute the second cause of death in Poland and the USA. The number of cases of malignant neoplasms in Poland has more than doubled over the last three decades. According to the National Cancer Registry, in Poland about 95.5 people per thousand die every year from malignant neoplasms. Current epidemiological data on cancer is worrying because the World Health Organization predicts a significant increase in the incidence of cancer in the general population. This problem, which is significant on the global scale, demands the search for more effective prevention methods so that more and more attention is paid to both primary and secondary prevention. Prevention and early detection of cancer have become a priority for the national health policy of many European countries. Numerous studies around the world prove that reducing the risk of cancer is most effective through adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to carcinogens, combined with regular screening.
The aim of the study was to review knowledge on cancer prevention, including the latest research results.
Due to the systematic increase in the incidence of cancer, a strong emphasis should be placed on prevention. Preventive actions bring benefits not only to the individual, but are an important aspect of health policy. The importance of primary prevention in relation to healthy people has been demonstrated, including secondary prevention aimed at controlling risk factors in relation to persons exposed to them. The combination of these activities becomes an important element in maintaining the health of the individual, as well as society.
由于大多数癌症，每年的病例和死亡人数都在增加。目前，这些疾病构成了波兰和美国的第二大死因。波兰恶性肿瘤病例数在过去三十年中增加了一倍多。根据国家癌症登记处的数据，波兰每年每千人中有约 95.5 人死于恶性肿瘤。目前癌症的流行病学数据令人担忧，因为世界卫生组织预计普通人群的癌症发病率将显著增加。这一在全球范围内具有重要意义的问题需要寻求更有效的预防方法，因此越来越多的人开始关注一级和二级预防。预防和早期发现癌症已成为许多欧洲国家国家卫生政策的重点。世界各地的大量研究证明，通过采用健康的生活方式、避免接触致癌物质以及定期筛查，降低癌症风险最为有效。
本研究旨在综述癌症预防知识，包括最新的研究结果。
由于癌症发病率的系统性增加，应高度重视预防。预防措施不仅对个人有益，而且是卫生政策的一个重要方面。已经证明了与健康人群相关的初级预防的重要性，包括针对接触这些因素的人群控制风险因素的二级预防。这些活动的结合成为维持个人以及社会健康的重要因素。
