Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; Grupo de Evaluación y Mejora del Programa de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS-semFYC), Barcelona, España.
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; Grupo de Evaluación y Mejora del Programa de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS-semFYC), Barcelona, España; Centro de Salud «Matrona Antonia Mesa Fernández». UGC Cabra. AGS Sur de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2021 Jun 25;156(12):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.12.015. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated.
Of 1,038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2).
More than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases.
嗅觉和味觉障碍（OD、TD）已被认为是 SARS-CoV-2 感染的症状。然而，其在某些人群中的存在，特别是在那些临床症状较轻的人群中，尚未得到明确。本研究的目的是评估原发性保健患者中 OD 和 TD 的发生率及其对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的预测价值。
本研究为西班牙国家卫生系统中的一项横断面研究。对请求进行 SARS-CoV-2 PCR 检测的患者进行了一项流行病学调查。采用比值比（OR）来衡量 OD 和 TD 与 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间的关联程度。计算了这些症状在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）。
在筛查的 1038 名患者中，有 20.1%的患者感染了 SARS-CoV-2。感染患者的 OD 和 DG 分别为 64.4%（95%CI 56.0-72.1）和 56.2%（95%CI 47.9-64.2）。OD 的 OR 为 12.2（95%CI 8.26-18.06），TD 的 OR 为 7.95（95%CI 5.48-11.53）。TD 的灵敏度为 41.1%（95%CI 34.4-46.1），特异性为 91.9%（95%CI 89.8-93.7），PPV 为 56.2%（95%CI 48.0-64.2），NPV 为 86.1%（95%CI 83.6-88.3），而 OD 的灵敏度为 45.0%（95%CI 37.6-51.5），特异性为 93.7%（95%CI 91.8-95.0），PPV 为 64.4%（95%CI 56.0-72.1），NPV 为 87.1%（95%CI 84.7-89.2）。
超过一半的 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者存在 OD 或 TD。OD 或 TD 的存在可能具有诊断价值，因为其在超过一半的病例中能够预测感染。
