Pérula de Torres Luis Ángel, González-Lama Jesús, Jiménez García Celia, Sánchez Montero Rosa, Rider Garrido Faustino, Ortega López Yolanda, Pajares Conde Diego, Ramírez Baena Miguel, Párraga Martínez Ignacio, Romero-Rodríguez Esperanza
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2021 Jun 25;156(12):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.12.024. Epub 2021 May 24.
Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated.
Of 1038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2).
More than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases.
嗅觉和味觉功能障碍（OD，TD）被认为是新型冠状病毒感染的症状。然而，其在某些人群中的存在情况，尤其是那些临床症状较轻的人群，尚未明确。目的是评估初级保健中检测到的患者中OD和TD的发生率及其预测有效性。
在西班牙国家卫生系统中进行了一项横断面研究。对接受新型冠状病毒PCR检测的患者进行了一项流行病学调查。估计比值比（OR）以衡量OD和TD与新型冠状病毒感染存在之间关联的强度。计算了这些症状在新型冠状病毒感染中的敏感性、特异性以及阳性和阴性预测值（PPV，NPV）。
在1038名筛查患者中，20.1%感染了新型冠状病毒。感染患者中分别有64.4%（95%可信区间56.0 - 72.1）和56.2%（95%可信区间47.9 - 64.2）出现OD和TD。OD的OR为12.2（95%可信区间8.26 - 18.06），TD的OR为7.95（95%可信区间5.48 - 11.53）。TD的敏感性为41.1%（95%可信区间34.4 - 46.1），特异性为91.9%（95%可信区间89.8 - 93.7），PPV为56.2%（95%可信区间48.0 - 64.2），NPV为86.1%（95%可信区间83.6 - 88.3），而OD的敏感性为45.0%（95%可信区间37.6 - 51.5），特异性为93.7%（95%可信区间91.8 - 95.0），PPV为64.4%（95%可信区间56.0 - 72.1），NPV为87.1%（95%可信区间84.7 - 89.2）。
超过一半的新型冠状病毒感染患者存在OD或TD。OD或TD的存在因其能够在一半以上的病例中预测感染，可能具有诊断价值。
