Stolte Moritz, Spence Charles, Barutchu Ayla
Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 11;12:640684. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640684. eCollection 2021.
Linking arbitrary shapes (e.g., circles, squares, and triangles) to personal labels (e.g., self, friend, or stranger) or reward values (e.g., £18, £6, or £2) results in immediate processing benefits for those stimuli that happen to be associated with the self or high rewards in perceptual matching tasks. Here we further explored how social and reward associations interact with multisensory stimuli by pairing labels and objects with tones (low, medium, and high tones). We also investigated whether self and reward biases persist for multisensory stimuli with the label removed after an association had been made. Both high reward stimuli and those associated with the self, resulted in faster responses and improved discriminability (i.e., higher ), which persisted for multisensory stimuli even when the labels were removed. However, these self- and reward-biases partly depended on the specific alignment between the physical tones (low, medium, and high) and the conceptual (social or reward) order. Performance for reward associations improved when the endpoints of low or high rewards were paired with low or high tones; meanwhile, for personal associations, there was a benefit when the self was paired with either low or high tones, but there was no effect when the stranger was associated with either endpoint. These results indicate that, unlike reward, social personal associations are not represented along a continuum with two marked endpoints (i.e., self and stranger) but rather with a single reference point (the self vs. other).
将任意形状（如圆形、方形和三角形）与个人标签（如自我、朋友或陌生人）或奖励价值（如18英镑、6英镑或2英镑）联系起来，会使那些在感知匹配任务中恰好与自我或高奖励相关的刺激立即获得加工优势。在这里，我们通过将标签和物体与音调（低音、中音和高音）配对，进一步探讨了社会和奖励关联如何与多感官刺激相互作用。我们还研究了在建立关联后移除标签的多感官刺激中，自我和奖励偏差是否仍然存在。高奖励刺激以及与自我相关的刺激，都会导致更快的反应和更高的辨别力（即更高的 ），即使移除标签，这种辨别力在多感官刺激中仍然存在。然而，这些自我和奖励偏差部分取决于物理音调（低音、中音和高音）与概念（社会或奖励）顺序之间的特定对应关系。当低奖励或高奖励的端点与低音或高音配对时，奖励关联的表现会得到改善；同时，对于个人关联，当自我与低音或高音配对时会有好处，但当陌生人与任何一个端点相关联时则没有影响。这些结果表明，与奖励不同，社会个人关联不是沿着有两个明显端点（即自我和陌生人）的连续体来表征，而是以一个单一参考点（自我与他人）来表征。
