Bakker Esmée A, Zoccali Carmine, Dekker Friedo W, Eijsvogels Thijs M H, Jager Kitty J
Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Clin Kidney J. 2020 Sep 8;14(3):768-779. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa156. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Physical activity potentially improves health outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and recipients of kidney transplants. Although studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise for primary and secondary prevention of non-communicable diseases, evidence for kidney patients is limited. To enlarge this evidence, valid assessment of physical activity and exercise is essential. Furthermore, CKD is associated with a decline in physical function, which may result in severe disabilities and dependencies. Assessment of physical function may help clinicians to monitor disease progression and frailty in patients receiving dialysis. The attention on physical function and physical activity has grown and new devices have been developed and (commercially) launched on the market. Therefore the aims of this review were to summarize different measures of physical function and physical activity, provide an update on measurement instruments and discuss options for easy-to-use measurement instruments for day-to-day use by CKD patients. This review demonstrates that large variation exists in the different strategies to assess physical function and activity in clinical practice and research settings. To choose the best available method, accuracy, content, preferable outcome, necessary expertise, resources and time are important issues to consider.
体育活动可能会改善慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者和肾移植受者的健康状况。尽管研究已经证明体育活动和锻炼对非传染性疾病的一级和二级预防具有有益作用，但针对肾病患者的证据有限。为了扩大这方面的证据，对体育活动和锻炼进行有效的评估至关重要。此外，CKD与身体功能下降有关，这可能导致严重的残疾和依赖。身体功能评估可能有助于临床医生监测接受透析患者的疾病进展和虚弱情况。对身体功能和体育活动的关注日益增加，并且已经开发出了新设备并（在商业上）投放市场。因此，本综述的目的是总结身体功能和体育活动的不同测量方法，提供测量工具的最新情况，并讨论供CKD患者日常使用的易于使用的测量工具的选择。本综述表明，在临床实践和研究环境中，评估身体功能和活动的不同策略存在很大差异。要选择最佳可用方法，准确性、内容、理想结果、必要的专业知识、资源和时间是需要考虑的重要问题。
