Ardura-Garcia Cristina, Cuevas-Ocaña Sara, Freitag Nadine, Kampouras Asterios, King John A, Kouis Panayiotis, Mensink-Bout Sara M, Whitehouse Abigail L, Williams Emma, Dassios Theodore, Duijts Liesbeth, Ersu Refika H, Gaillard Erol A, Horsley Alex R, Proesmans Marijke, Rottier Robbert, Schramm Dirk, Moeller Alexander, Pijnenburg Marielle W
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
ERJ Open Res. 2021 Mar 22;7(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00893-2020. eCollection 2021 Jan.
In this review, the Paediatric Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) presents a summary of the highlights and most relevant findings in the field of paediatric respiratory medicine presented at the virtual ERS International Congress 2020. Early Career Members of the ERS and Chairs of the different Groups comprising the Paediatric Assembly discuss a selection of the presented research. These cover a wide range of research areas, including respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis, respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, epidemiology, bronchology and lung and airway development. Specifically, we describe the long-term effect in lung function of premature birth, mode of delivery and chronic respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis. In paediatric asthma, we present risk factors, phenotypes and their progression with age, and the challenges in diagnosis. We confirm the value of the lung clearance index to detect early lung changes in cystic fibrosis. For bronchiectasis treatment, we highlight the importance of identifying treatable traits. The use of biomarkers and genotypes to identify infants at risk of long-term respiratory morbidity is also discussed. We present the long-term impact on respiratory health of early life and fetal exposures to maternal obesity and intrauterine hypoxia, mechanical ventilation hyperoxia, aeroallergens, air pollution, vitamin A deficient intake and bronchitis. Moreover, we report on the use of metabolomics and genetic analysis to understand the effect of these exposures on lung growth and alveolar development. Finally, we stress the need to establish multidisciplinary teams to treat complex airway pathologies.
在本综述中，欧洲呼吸学会（ERS）儿科学会总结了在2020年ERS虚拟国际大会上展示的儿科学呼吸医学领域的重点和最相关研究结果。ERS的早期职业成员以及组成儿科学会的不同小组的主席讨论了部分展示的研究。这些研究涵盖广泛的领域，包括呼吸生理学与睡眠、哮喘与过敏、囊性纤维化、呼吸道感染与免疫学、新生儿学与重症监护、流行病学、支气管学以及肺与气道发育。具体而言，我们描述了早产、分娩方式和囊性纤维化等慢性呼吸道疾病对肺功能的长期影响。在儿童哮喘方面，我们介绍了风险因素、表型及其随年龄的变化，以及诊断方面的挑战。我们证实了肺清除指数在检测囊性纤维化早期肺部变化方面的价值。对于支气管扩张症的治疗，我们强调了识别可治疗特征的重要性。还讨论了使用生物标志物和基因型来识别有长期呼吸道疾病风险的婴儿。我们介绍了早年和胎儿暴露于母亲肥胖、宫内缺氧、机械通气高氧、空气过敏原、空气污染、维生素A摄入不足和支气管炎对呼吸健康的长期影响。此外，我们报告了使用代谢组学和基因分析来了解这些暴露对肺生长和肺泡发育的影响。最后，我们强调需要建立多学科团队来治疗复杂的气道疾病。
