Ardura-Garcia Cristina, Abellan Alicia, Cuevas-Ocaña Sara, Freitag Nadine, Lam Yin Ting, Makrinioti Heidi, Slaats Monique, Storti Matteo, Williams Emma E, Dassios Theodore, Duijts Liesbeth, Ersu Refika H, Fustik Stojka, Morty Rory E, Proesmans Marijke, Schramm Dirk, Saglani Sejal, Moeller Alexander, Pijnenburg Marielle W
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
ERJ Open Res. 2022 May 23;8(2). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00643-2021. eCollection 2022 Apr.
In this review, Early Career Members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Chairs of the ERS Assembly 7: Paediatrics present the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine from the ERS International Congress 2021. The eight scientific Groups of this Assembly cover respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis (CF), respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology, bronchology, and lung and airway development. We here describe new developments in lung function testing and sleep-disordered breathing diagnosis, early life exposures affecting pulmonary function in children and effect of COVID-19 on sleep and lung function. In paediatric asthma, we present the important role of the exposome in asthma development, and how biologics can provide better outcomes. We discuss new methods to assess distal airways in children with CF, as some details remain blind when using the lung clearance index. Moreover, we summarise the new ERS guidelines for bronchiectasis management in children and adolescents. We present interventions to reduce morbidity and monitor pulmonary function in newborns at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term chronic respiratory morbidity of this disease. In respiratory epidemiology, we characterise primary ciliary dyskinesia, identify early life determinants of respiratory health and describe the effect of COVID-19 preventive measures on respiratory symptoms. Also, we describe the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases, possible consequences of tracheomalacia and a classification of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in children. Finally, we highlight that the characterisation of genes and pathways involved in the development of a disease is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
在本综述中，欧洲呼吸学会（ERS）的青年成员以及ERS第7分会：儿科学的主席们介绍了2021年ERS国际大会儿科学呼吸医学的亮点。该分会的八个科学小组涵盖呼吸生理学与睡眠、哮喘与过敏、囊性纤维化（CF）、呼吸道感染与免疫学、新生儿学与重症监护、呼吸流行病学、支气管学以及肺与气道发育。我们在此描述肺功能测试和睡眠呼吸障碍诊断的新进展、影响儿童肺功能的早期生活暴露因素以及新冠病毒病对睡眠和肺功能的影响。在儿童哮喘方面，我们阐述暴露组在哮喘发病中的重要作用以及生物制剂如何能带来更好的治疗效果。我们讨论评估CF患儿远端气道的新方法，因为使用肺清除指数时某些细节仍难以观察到。此外，我们总结了ERS关于儿童和青少年支气管扩张症管理的新指南。我们介绍了针对有支气管肺发育不良风险的新生儿降低发病率和监测肺功能的干预措施以及该疾病的长期慢性呼吸道发病率。在呼吸流行病学方面，我们描述原发性纤毛运动障碍的特征，确定呼吸健康的早期生活决定因素，并描述新冠病毒病预防措施对呼吸道症状的影响。同时，我们描述间质性肺疾病的流行病学、气管软化的可能后果以及儿童弥漫性肺泡出血的分类。最后，我们强调对疾病发展过程中涉及的基因和途径进行特征描述对于识别新的生物标志物和治疗靶点至关重要。
