Attending Physician, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, New York, NY.
Emerg Med Pract. 2021 Apr;23(4):1-20.
Rabies is a rare, yet nearly universally fatal diagnosis, responsible for over 59,000 deaths worldwide annually. Appropriate use of pre- and postexposure prophylaxis can eliminate the risk of developing rabies if administered according to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidelines. Though rabies is very rare, rapid recognition of potential exposures is vital to patient care and protection of public health. This review focuses on the challenges of managing patients who are at risk for or have had a potential rabies exposure, indications and guidelines for administering pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, and requirements for reporting, testing, and monitoring. Evidence regarding management of patients presenting with suspected clinical rabies is also reviewed.
狂犬病是一种罕见但几乎普遍致命的诊断，每年在全球造成超过 59000 人死亡。如果按照美国疾病控制与预防中心免疫实践咨询委员会的指南进行，适当使用暴露前和暴露后预防可以消除患狂犬病的风险。尽管狂犬病非常罕见，但迅速识别潜在暴露对于患者护理和保护公共健康至关重要。本综述重点关注管理有潜在狂犬病暴露风险或已发生潜在狂犬病暴露的患者所面临的挑战、进行暴露前或暴露后预防的指征和指南，以及报告、检测和监测的要求。还审查了有关疑似临床狂犬病患者的管理的证据。
