National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2021;48(4):389-412. doi: 10.3233/NRE-201534.
A growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches aimed at cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement pointed towards the application of new technologies. The complex virtual reality (VR) presented using immersive devices has been considered a promising approach.
The article provides a systematic review of studies aimed at the efficacy of VR-based rehabilitation. First, we shortly summarize literature relevant to the role of immersion in memory assessment and rehabilitation.
We searched Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with the search terms "memory rehabilitation", "virtual reality", "memory deficit". Only original studies investigating the efficacy of complex three-dimensional VR in rehabilitation and reporting specific memory output measures were included.
We identified 412 citations, of which 21 met our inclusion criteria. We calculated appropriate effect sizes for 10 studies including control groups and providing descriptive data. The effect sizes range from large to small, or no effect of memory rehabilitation was present, depending on the control condition applied. Summarized studies with missing control groups point out to potential positive effects of VR but do not allow any generalization.
Even though there are some theoretical advantages of immersive VE over non-immersive technology, there is not enough evidence yet to draw any conclusions.
对旨在进行认知康复和认知增强的非药物方法的兴趣日益浓厚，这促使人们开始关注新技术的应用。沉浸式设备呈现的复杂虚拟现实（VR）被认为是一种很有前途的方法。
本文对基于 VR 的康复治疗效果的研究进行了系统综述。首先，我们简要总结了与沉浸感在记忆评估和康复中的作用相关的文献。
我们使用“memory rehabilitation”、“virtual reality”、“memory deficit”等检索词，在 Web of Science、ScienceDirect 和 PubMed 上进行了检索，只纳入了原始研究，这些研究调查了复杂的三维 VR 在康复中的效果，并报告了特定的记忆输出测量结果。
我们确定了 412 条引文，其中 21 条符合我们的纳入标准。我们对包括对照组并提供描述性数据的 10 项研究计算了适当的效应量。根据应用的对照条件，效应量的范围从大到小，或者没有记忆康复的效果。对没有对照组的综述研究表明，VR 可能具有潜在的积极效果，但不能得出任何结论。
尽管沉浸式 VE 具有一些理论上的优势，但目前还没有足够的证据来得出任何结论。
