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%BML、尿液颜色、口渴程度与水合状态尿液指标之间的关系。

The Relationship between %BML, Urine Color, Thirst Level and Urine Indices of Hydration Status.

机构信息

Department of Kinesiology, Status Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.

出版信息

Ann Nutr Metab. 2020;76 Suppl 1:65-66. doi: 10.1159/000515217. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Dehydration is known to impair health, quality of daily life, and exercise performance [1]. While several methods are utilized to assess fluid balance, there is no gold standard to assess hydration status [2]. Cheuvront and Kenefick [3] suggested the use of a Venn diagram, which consists of % body mass weight (BML), urine color, and thirst level (WUT) to measure hydration status and fluid needs. However, no study to date has examined the relationship between the WUT criteria and hydration status measured by urine indices.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between urine-specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (UOSM), and the WUT criteria.

METHODS

Twenty-two females (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 1 year; weight, 65.4 ± 12.6 kg) and twenty-one males (age, 21 ± 1 year; body mass, 78.7 ± 14.6 kg) participated in this study. First-morning body mass, urine color, USG, UOSM, and thirst level were collected for 10 consecutive days. First 3 days were utilized to establish a euhydrated baseline body weight. %BML >1%, urine color >5, and thirst level ≥5 were used as the dehydration thresholds. The number of markers that indicated dehydration levels was summed when each variable met each threshold. One-way ANOVA with Tukey pairwise comparison was used to assess the differences in USG and UOSM, followed by a calculation of effect size (ES).

RESULTS

Figure 1 indicates the differences of UOSM based on the WUT criteria. For UOSM, "2 markers indicated" (mean [M] ± SD [ES], 705 ± 253 mOsmol [0.43], p = 0.018) was significantly higher than "1 marker indicated" (M ± SD, 597 ± 253 mOsmol). Additionally, "zero marker indicated" (509 ± 249 mOsmol) was significantly lower than "3 markers indicated" (M ± SD [ES], 761 ± 250 mOsmol, [1.01], p = 0.02) and "2 markers indicated" ([ES], [0.78], p = 0.004). However, there was no statistical difference between "3 markers indicated" ([ES], [0.65], p = 0.13) and "1 marker indicated." For USG, "3 markers indicated" (M ± SD [ES], 1.021 ± 0.007 [0.57], p = 0.025) and "2 markers indicated" (M ± SD [ES], 1.019 ± 0.010 [0.31], p = 0.026) were significantly higher than "1 marker indicated" (M ± SD, 1.016 ± 0.009). Additionally, "zero marker indicated" (1.014 ± 0.005) was significantly lower than "3 markers indicated" ([ES], [1.21], p = 0.005) and "2 markers indicated" ([ES], [0.54], p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION

When 3 markers indicated dehydration levels, UOSM and USG were greater than euhydrated cut points. When 2 markers indicated dehydration levels, USG was higher than the euhydrated cut point. Additionally, UOSM and USG were significantly lower when zero or 1 marker indicated dehydration levels. Thus, the WUT criteria are a useful tool to assess hydration status. Athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and medical professions can use this strategy in the field settings to optimize their performance and health without consuming money and time.

摘要

简介

脱水已知会损害健康、日常生活质量和运动表现[1]。虽然有几种方法可用于评估液体平衡,但没有评估水合状态的金标准[2]。Cheuvront 和 Kenefick[3]建议使用包含体重百分比(BML)、尿液颜色和口渴程度(WUT)的 Venn 图来测量水合状态和液体需求。然而,迄今为止,尚无研究检查 WUT 标准与通过尿液指标测量的水合状态之间的关系。

目的

本研究的目的是调查尿比重(USG)和尿渗透压(UOSM)与 WUT 标准之间的关系。

方法

22 名女性(平均±标准差;年龄,20±1 岁;体重,65.4±12.6kg)和 21 名男性(年龄,21±1 岁;体重,78.7±14.6kg)参加了这项研究。连续 10 天收集清晨体重、尿液颜色、USG、UOSM 和口渴程度。前 3 天用于建立正常水合状态下的基础体重。BML 增加>1%、尿液颜色>5、口渴程度≥5 被用作脱水阈值。当每个变量符合每个阈值时,将指示脱水水平的标记数量相加。使用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 两两比较来评估 USG 和 UOSM 的差异,然后计算效应量(ES)。

结果

图 1 显示了基于 WUT 标准的 UOSM 差异。对于 UOSM,“有 2 个指标指示”(平均值[M]±标准差[ES],705±253mOsmol[0.43],p=0.018)显著高于“有 1 个指标指示”(M±SD,597±253mOsmol)。此外,“无指标指示”(509±249mOsmol)显著低于“有 3 个指标指示”(M±SD[ES],761±250mOsmol,[1.01],p=0.02)和“有 2 个指标指示”(ES,[0.78],p=0.004)。然而,“有 3 个指标指示”(ES,[0.65],p=0.13)和“有 1 个指标指示”之间没有统计学差异。对于 USG,“有 3 个指标指示”(M±SD[ES],1.021±0.007[0.57],p=0.025)和“有 2 个指标指示”(M±SD[ES],1.019±0.010[0.31],p=0.026)显著高于“有 1 个指标指示”(M±SD,1.016±0.009)。此外,“无指标指示”(1.014±0.005)显著低于“有 3 个指标指示”(ES,[1.21],p=0.005)和“有 2 个指标指示”(ES,[0.54],p=0.009)。

结论

当有 3 个指标指示脱水水平时,UOSM 和 USG 大于正常水合状态的切点。当有 2 个指标指示脱水水平时,USG 高于正常水合状态的切点。此外,当有 0 个或 1 个指标指示脱水水平时,UOSM 和 USG 显著降低。因此,WUT 标准是评估水合状态的有用工具。运动员、教练、运动科学家和医务人员可以在现场使用这种策略来优化他们的表现和健康,而无需花费金钱和时间。

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