Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Aug;19(8):514-527. doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00536-5. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
The human body hosts vast microbial communities, termed the microbiome. Less well known is the fact that the human body also hosts vast numbers of different viruses, collectively termed the 'virome'. Viruses are believed to be the most abundant and diverse biological entities on our planet, with an estimated 10 particles on Earth. The human virome is similarly vast and complex, consisting of approximately 10 particles per human individual, with great heterogeneity. In recent years, studies of the human virome using metagenomic sequencing and other methods have clarified aspects of human virome diversity at different body sites, the relationships to disease states and mechanisms of establishment of the human virome during early life. Despite increasing focus, it remains the case that the majority of sequence data in a typical virome study remain unidentified, highlighting the extent of unexplored viral 'dark matter'. Nevertheless, it is now clear that viral community states can be associated with adverse outcomes for the human host, whereas other states are characteristic of health. In this Review, we provide an overview of research on the human virome and highlight outstanding recent studies that explore the assembly, composition and dynamics of the human virome as well as host-virome interactions in health and disease.
人体中栖息着大量的微生物群落，被称为微生物组。但鲜为人知的是，人体中还栖息着大量不同的病毒，这些病毒统称为“病毒组”。据信，病毒是我们星球上最丰富和最多样化的生物实体，地球上估计有 10 的 31 次方个病毒粒子。人类病毒组同样庞大而复杂，每个个体约有 10 的 12 次方个病毒，具有很大的异质性。近年来，利用宏基因组测序和其他方法研究人类病毒组，阐明了不同身体部位人类病毒组多样性的各个方面、与疾病状态的关系以及人类病毒组在生命早期建立的机制。尽管人们越来越关注，但在一项典型的病毒组研究中，仍有大部分序列数据未被识别，这突出了未被探索的病毒“暗物质”的程度。尽管如此，现在很明显，病毒群落状态可以与人类宿主的不良后果相关，而其他状态则是健康的特征。在这篇综述中，我们概述了人类病毒组的研究，并强调了最近探索人类病毒组的组装、组成和动态以及健康和疾病中宿主-病毒组相互作用的杰出研究。
