Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Feb 8;31(2):187-198.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.003.
The human gut virome and its early life development are poorly understood. Prior studies have captured single-point assessments with the evolution of the infant virome remaining largely unexplored. We performed viral metagenomic sequencing on stool samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 53 infants from age 2 weeks to 3 years (80.7 billion reads), and from their mothers (9.8 billion reads) to examine and compare viromes. The asymptomatic infant virome consisted of bacteriophages, nonhuman dietary/environmental viruses, and human-host viruses, predominantly picornaviruses. In contrast, human-host viruses were largely absent from the maternal virome. Previously undescribed, sequence-divergent vertebrate viruses were detected in the maternal but not infant virome. As infants aged, the phage component evolved to resemble the maternal virome, but by age 3, the human-host component remained dissimilar from the maternal virome. Thus, early life virome development is determined predominantly by dietary, infectious, and environmental factors rather than direct maternal acquisition.
人类肠道病毒组及其早期发育尚不清楚。先前的研究仅进行了单点评估，而婴儿病毒组的演变在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们对来自 53 名婴儿的粪便样本进行了病毒宏基因组测序，这些婴儿的年龄从 2 周到 3 岁（807 亿个读数），以及他们的母亲（98 亿个读数），以检查和比较病毒组。无症状婴儿病毒组由噬菌体、非人类饮食/环境病毒和人类宿主病毒组成，主要是小核糖核酸病毒。相比之下，人类宿主病毒在母体病毒组中基本不存在。在母体病毒组中检测到了先前未描述的、序列差异的脊椎动物病毒，但在婴儿病毒组中没有检测到。随着婴儿年龄的增长，噬菌体成分进化得与母体病毒组相似，但到 3 岁时，人类宿主成分仍与母体病毒组不同。因此，早期生命病毒组的发展主要由饮食、感染和环境因素决定，而不是直接由母体获得。
