Salih Yosuf Abdullah, Rasool Mohammed T, Ahmed Idris Haji, Mohammed Ayad Ahmad
Department of Internal Medicine, Duhok General Directorate of Health, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, DUHOK, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Mar 5;64:102208. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102208. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in most parts of the world. Its insufficiency or deficiency is implicated in bone diseases, some cancers, infectious diseases, heart disease, autoimmune and metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The mean age of patients was 49.94 ± 9.36, while the mean age the controls was 48.95 ± 10.56. Females constituted 56.1% and males 43.9% in the cases group, while for the control group females were 54.8% and males were 43.9%. Low vitamin D levels were detected in 110 (71%) of cases and 63 (40.6%) of controls. There was a significant difference in vitamin D levels among cases and controls (p < 0.001), vitamin D level was lower among females compared to males, p < 0.001 and those living in urban areas compared to rural areas, p < 0.001, BMI and dyslipidemia had a significant effect on vitamin D levels among diabetics, p values 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively. The serum 25(OH)-D level was significantly lower in patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control and in patients with a diabetes duration greater than 5 years, p values < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. No significant correlation was detected with age and smoking, p values 0.181 and 0.260 respectively.
There is a high prevalence of hypo-vitaminosis D among patients with type-2 diabetes, particularly among patients with poor glycemic control and in those with longer diabetes durations. Vitamin-D deficiency is more prevalence in females, and those living in urban areas, those with obesity and patients with dyslipidemia.
维生素D缺乏在世界大部分地区都很普遍。其不足或缺乏与骨疾病、某些癌症、传染病、心脏病、自身免疫性和代谢性疾病（包括2型糖尿病）有关。
患者的平均年龄为49.94±9.36岁，而对照组的平均年龄为48.95±10.56岁。病例组中女性占56.1%，男性占43.9%，而对照组中女性占54.8%，男性占43.9%。110例（71%）病例和63例（40.6%）对照检测到维生素D水平低。病例组和对照组之间的维生素D水平存在显著差异（p<0.001），女性的维生素D水平低于男性，p<0.001，城市地区居民的维生素D水平低于农村地区居民，p<0.001，体重指数和血脂异常对糖尿病患者的维生素D水平有显著影响，p值分别为0.002和<0.001。血糖控制差的患者与血糖控制良好的患者相比，以及糖尿病病程大于5年的患者，血清25(OH)-D水平显著降低，p值分别<0.001和0.002。未检测到与年龄和吸烟有显著相关性，p值分别为0.181和0.260。
2型糖尿病患者中维生素D缺乏症的患病率很高，特别是在血糖控制差和糖尿病病程较长的患者中。维生素D缺乏在女性、城市地区居民、肥胖者和血脂异常患者中更为普遍。
