Cinek Ondrej, Kramna Lenka, Odeh Rasha, Alassaf Abeer, Ibekwe Mary Ann Ugochi, Ahmadov Gunduz, Elmahi Bashir Mukhtar Elwasila, Mekki Hanan, Lebl Jan, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Jun;22(4):558-566. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13207. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Studies of the fecal virome in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been limited to populations of Europe and the United States. We therefore sought to characterize the stool virome in children after onset of T1D and in matched control subjects from four geographically distant African and Asian countries.
Samples of stool were collected from 73 children and adolescents shortly after T1D onset (Azerbaijan 19, Jordan 20, Nigeria 14, Sudan 20) and 105 matched control subjects of similar age and locale. Metagenomic sequencing of the DNA and RNA virome was performed, and virus positivity was defined as more than 0.001% of reads of the sample. Selected viruses were also quantified using real-time PCR. Conditional logistic regression was used to model associations with eukaryotic virus positivity.
Signals of 387 different viral species were detected; at least one eukaryotic virus was detected in 71% case and 65% control samples. Neither of observed eukaryotic virus species or genera differed in frequency between children with T1D and controls. There was a suggestive association of the total count of different viral genera per sample between cases (1.45 genera) and controls (1.10 genera, OR 1.24, 95%CI 0.98-1.57), and an unplanned subanalysis suggested marginally more frequent endogenous retrovirus signal in cases (in 28.8% vs. in 8.6% controls, OR = 4.55, 95%CI 1.72-12).
No clear and consistent association with T1D was observed in the fecal viromes from four distant non-European populations. The finding of borderline associations of human endogenous retroviruses merits further exploration.
1型糖尿病（T1D）粪便病毒组的研究仅限于欧美人群。因此，我们试图对来自四个地理上相距遥远的非洲和亚洲国家的T1D发病后的儿童及其匹配的对照受试者的粪便病毒组进行特征分析。
在T1D发病后不久，从73名儿童和青少年（阿塞拜疆19名、约旦20名、尼日利亚14名、苏丹20名）以及105名年龄和地区匹配的对照受试者中收集粪便样本。对DNA和RNA病毒组进行宏基因组测序，病毒阳性定义为样本读数超过0.001%。还使用实时PCR对选定的病毒进行定量。使用条件逻辑回归对与真核病毒阳性的关联进行建模。
检测到387种不同病毒物种的信号；71%的病例样本和65%的对照样本中检测到至少一种真核病毒。在T1D儿童和对照之间，观察到的真核病毒物种或属的频率均无差异。病例组（1.45个属）和对照组（1.10个属，OR 1.24，95%CI 0.98 - 1.57）之间每个样本不同病毒属的总数存在提示性关联，一项非计划的亚分析表明病例组中内源性逆转录病毒信号略更频繁（病例组为28.8%，对照组为8.6%，OR = 4.55，95%CI 1.72 - 12）。
在来自四个遥远的非欧洲人群的粪便病毒组中，未观察到与T1D有明确且一致的关联。人类内源性逆转录病毒的边缘关联发现值得进一步探索。
