Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
East Mediterr Health J. 2021 Mar 23;27(3):279-286. doi: 10.26719/2021.27.3.279.
There is little evidence about salt intake and its food sources in the Iranian population, especially in children and adolescents.
To investigate salt intake and dietary sources in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014-2015. We randomly selected 1384 adults (50.3% female, 49.7% male) aged > 18 years [mean 37.9 (10.6) years], and 786 children and adolescents (50.9% male, 49.1% female) aged 6-18 years [mean 12.5 (3.4) years]. All participants underwent a dietary assessment for salt intake, using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
The total salt intake was 10.9 (3.4) g/day in adults and 10.3 (2.9) g/day in children and adolescents. Added salt was the primary source of salt intake, followed by bread and cheese in both groups. Salt intake was related significantly to being younger, male, a smoker, less educated and physically active in the adult group. In children and adolescents, it was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex, low physical activity and parents' education level (all P < 0.05).
Salt intake in Isfahan was more than twice that recommended by the World Health Organization. The main source of sodium was added salt, followed bread and cheese. Future national studies are warranted to assess the dietary salt intake and its main sources in different provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
伊朗人口的盐摄入量及其食物来源的证据很少，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。
调查伊朗伊斯法罕的盐摄入量和饮食来源。
这是 2014-2015 年进行的一项横断面调查。我们随机选择了 1384 名成年人（女性 50.3%，男性 49.7%，年龄>18 岁[平均 37.9（10.6）岁]）和 786 名儿童和青少年（男性 50.9%，女性 49.1%，年龄 6-18 岁[平均 12.5（3.4）岁]）。所有参与者都接受了盐摄入量的饮食评估，使用经过验证的食物频率问卷。
成年人的总盐摄入量为 10.9（3.4）g/天，儿童和青少年为 10.3（2.9）g/天。添加盐是盐摄入量的主要来源，其次是面包和奶酪，两组均如此。盐摄入量与成年人中年龄较小、男性、吸烟者、受教育程度较低和身体活动量较少显著相关。在儿童和青少年中，与年龄增加、男性、身体活动量低以及父母的教育水平有关（均 P<0.05）。
伊斯法罕的盐摄入量超过世界卫生组织推荐量的两倍。钠的主要来源是添加盐，其次是面包和奶酪。未来有必要在不同省份进行全国性研究，以评估伊朗伊斯兰共和国的膳食盐摄入量及其主要来源。
