Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France.
Biomacromolecules. 2021 Apr 12;22(4):1325-1345. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01671. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Hydrogels are polymeric networks highly swollen with water. Because of their versatility and properties mimicking biological tissues, they are very interesting for biomedical applications. In this aim, the control of porosity is of crucial importance since it governs the transport properties and influences the fate of cells cultured onto or into the hydrogels. Among the techniques allowing for the elaboration of hydrogels, photopolymerization or photo-cross-linking are probably the most powerful and versatile synthetic routes. This Review aims at giving an overview of the literature dealing with photopolymerized hydrogels for which the generation or characterization of porosity is studied. First, the materials (polymers and photoinitiating systems) used for synthesizing hydrogels are presented. The different ways for generating porosity in the photopolymerized hydrogels are explained, and the characterization techniques allowing adequate study of the porosity are presented. Finally, some applications in the field of controlled release and tissue engineering are reviewed.
水凝胶是高度溶胀于水的聚合物网络。由于其多功能性和类似生物组织的特性，它们在生物医学应用中非常有趣。在这一目标中，控制孔隙率至关重要，因为它控制着传输性质并影响培养在水凝胶上或内部的细胞的命运。在允许水凝胶制备的技术中，光聚合或光交联可能是最强大和多功能的合成途径。这篇综述旨在概述涉及用于研究孔隙率生成或表征的光聚合水凝胶的文献。首先，介绍了用于合成水凝胶的材料（聚合物和光引发系统）。解释了在光聚合水凝胶中产生孔隙率的不同方法，并介绍了允许对孔隙率进行适当研究的表征技术。最后，综述了在控制释放和组织工程领域的一些应用。
