Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Internal Medicine Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Exp Gerontol. 2021 Jul 1;149:111318. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111318. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Immunosenescence is a remodeling of the immune system occurring with aging that leads to an increased susceptibility to auto-immunity, infections and reduced vaccination response. A growing consensus supports the view that physical exercise may counteract immunosenescence and improve the immune response. Unfortunately, evidence regarding the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence lacked uniformity at the time of an extensive literature review in 2016. Moreover, exercise-induced effects in older adults were underrepresented compared to young adults or completely lacking, such as for senescent T-cells and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. The aim of this systematic literature study was to collect and appraise newly available data regarding exercise-induced changes on immunosenescence-related markers of immune cells and compare this against data that was already available in 2016. Systematic reviewing of newly available data in the field of exercise immunology provides additional evidence for the effect of exercise on immunosenescence-related cellular markers. Importantly, this review provides evidence for the effect of long-term exercise on senescent T-lymphocytes in older adults. Additionally, newly retrieved evidence shows an acute exercise-induced mobilization of naïve and memory cells in older adults. In general, data regarding long-term exercise-induced effects in older adults remain scarce. Noteworthy was the high number of articles describing exercise-induced effects on regulatory T-cells. However exercise-induced effects on this cell type are still inconclusive as some articles reported an exercise-induced up- or downregulation, while others reported no effects at all. Numerous studies on Natural Killer cell counts did not provide uniformity among data that was already available. Recent data regarding dendritic cells mostly described an increase after exercise. Overall, our literature update highlights the major influence of the type and intensity of exercise on immunosenescence-related markers, especially in older adults.
免疫衰老（Immunosenescence）是一种随着衰老而发生的免疫系统重塑，导致自身免疫、感染和疫苗接种反应降低的易感性增加。越来越多的共识支持这样一种观点，即体育锻炼可能会对抗免疫衰老并改善免疫反应。不幸的是，在 2016 年进行广泛文献回顾时，关于运动对细胞免疫衰老标志物影响的证据缺乏一致性。此外，与年轻人相比，老年人的运动诱导效应代表性不足，或者完全缺乏，例如衰老 T 细胞和 T 淋巴细胞凋亡。本系统文献研究的目的是收集和评估新的关于运动诱导免疫衰老相关免疫细胞标志物变化的数据，并将其与 2016 年已有的数据进行比较。对运动免疫学领域新数据的系统回顾为运动对免疫衰老相关细胞标志物的影响提供了额外的证据。重要的是，本综述为长期运动对老年人群中衰老 T 淋巴细胞的影响提供了证据。此外，新检索到的证据表明，急性运动可动员老年人群中的幼稚和记忆细胞。总的来说，关于老年人长期运动诱导效应的数据仍然很少。值得注意的是，有大量描述运动对调节性 T 细胞影响的文章。然而，关于该细胞类型的运动诱导效应仍不确定，因为一些文章报告了运动诱导的上调或下调，而另一些文章则根本没有报道任何影响。关于自然杀伤细胞计数的大量研究并未使已有数据在一致性方面取得进展。关于树突状细胞的最新数据主要描述了运动后的增加。总的来说，我们的文献更新强调了运动类型和强度对免疫衰老相关标志物的重大影响，特别是在老年人中。
