College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 May 4;55(9):5689-5700. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07908. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
Residential solid fuel combustion (RSFC) is a key cause of air pollution in China. In these serial studies, field measurements of RSFC from 166 rural households in eastern China were conducted to update the database of emission factors (EFs) and chemical profiles of gaseous and particulate organic pollutants, and the present study focuses on the intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs), which are precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The results show that the averaged EFs of IVOCs (EF) for crop straw, fuelwood, and coal are 550.7 ± 397.9, 416.1 ± 249.5, and 361.9 ± 308.0 mg/kg, respectively, which are among the EF of gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, non-road machinery, and heavy fuel oil vessel, and are significantly affected by fuel, stove, and combustion efficiency. The percentages of normal alkanes (-alkanes), branched alkanes (-alkanes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and unresolved complex mixture from RSFC are 3.5 ± 1.6, 8.0 ± 3.7, 17.6 ± 6.7, and 70.9 ± 8.1%, respectively, and the compositions are featured by lower b-alkanes and higher PAHs than those of vehicle sources. The proportions of some individual n-alkanes and PAHs (such as -C--C, naphthalene, and its alkyl substituents) can be used as indicators to differentiate RSFC from vehicle sources, while methoxyphenols can be used to distinguish biomass burning from coal combustion. Based on China's energy statistics, the total IVOC emissions from RSFC in 2014 were 175.9 Gg. These data will help to update the IVOC emission inventory and improve the estimates of SOA production in China.
居民固体燃料燃烧（RSFC）是中国空气污染的一个主要原因。在这些系列研究中，对中国东部 166 户农村家庭的 RSFC 进行了实地测量，以更新排放因子（EF）和气体及颗粒态有机污染物化学特征数据库，本研究重点关注中间挥发性有机化合物（IVOCs），其是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的前体。结果表明，农作物秸秆、薪柴和煤炭的 IVOCs 平均排放因子（EF）分别为 550.7 ± 397.9、416.1 ± 249.5 和 361.9 ± 308.0 mg/kg，与汽油车、柴油车、非道路机械和重质燃料油船的 EF 相当，且受到燃料、炉灶和燃烧效率的显著影响。正构烷烃（-烷烃）、支链烷烃（-烷烃）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和 RSFC 中的未解析复杂混合物分别占 3.5 ± 1.6%、8.0 ± 3.7%、17.6 ± 6.7%和 70.9 ± 8.1%，其组成特征是 - 烷烃含量较低，PAHs 含量较高，与车辆源相比。一些个别正构烷烃和 PAHs（如 -C--C、萘及其烷基取代物）的比例可作为区分 RSFC 与车辆源的指标，而甲氧基苯酚可用于区分生物质燃烧与煤炭燃烧。根据中国的能源统计数据，2014 年 RSFC 的总 IVOC 排放量为 175.9 Gg。这些数据将有助于更新 IVOC 排放清单，提高中国 SOA 生成的估算值。
