虚拟现实模拟在护理教育中的应用：系统综述。

Virtual reality simulations in nurse education: A systematic mapping review.

机构信息

Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany.

出版信息

Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Jun;101:104868. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104868. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104868

PMID:33798987

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Simulation-based learning is widely used in nurse education, including virtual reality (VR) methods which have experienced a major growth lately. Virtual reality offers risk free and contactless learning. Currently, little is known about what topics of nursing are adopted for VR simulations and how their design meets various educational goals. This review aims to scope existing articles on educational VR nursing simulations, and to analyse approaches from didactic and technical perspectives.

METHOD

A systematic mapping review following the PRISMA-ScR guideline and PICo search strategy was conducted. Peer reviewed articles in English and German were searched across Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, ERIC and The Cochrane Library. Studies had to include at least one immersive head-mounted display VR simulation in the field of nursing education. Data extraction and analysis was performed in a narrative, graphical and tabular way.

RESULTS

Twenty-two articles were identified. There is a large variety in the use and definition of VR simulation for educational purposes. Simulations were classified into four main educational objectives: procedural skills training to improve technical knowledge and proficiency; emergency response training that focusses on confidence; soft skills training that teaches empathy; and finally, psychomotor skills training. Various approaches and simulation designs were implemented to achieve these educational outcomes. A few of them were highly innovative in providing an immersive experience to learn complex tasks, e.g. auscultation, or foster empathy by mimicking life with dementia.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite an increase in the use of state-of-the-art VR nursing simulations, there is still a paucity of studies on immersive HMD based VR scenarios. Researchers designing educational VR packages need to be clear on terminology. In order to make full use of VR, designers should consider including haptic devices to practise psychomotor skills and include social interaction to teach soft skills.

摘要

目的

基于模拟的学习在护士教育中得到广泛应用，包括最近经历了重大发展的虚拟现实 (VR) 方法。虚拟现实提供了无风险和无接触的学习。目前，对于哪些护理主题被采用用于 VR 模拟以及它们的设计如何满足各种教育目标，知之甚少。本综述旨在概述现有的关于教育性 VR 护理模拟的文章，并从教学法和技术角度分析方法。

方法

按照 PRISMA-ScR 指南和 PICo 搜索策略进行系统映射综述。在 Scopus、CINAHL、PsycINFO、PSYNDEX、PsycARTICLES、PubMed、ERIC 和 The Cochrane Library 中搜索英语和德语的同行评审文章。研究必须在护理教育领域至少包括一个沉浸式头戴式显示器 VR 模拟。以叙述性、图形和表格方式进行数据提取和分析。

结果

确定了 22 篇文章。出于教育目的，VR 模拟的使用和定义存在很大差异。模拟被分为四个主要的教育目标：程序性技能培训以提高技术知识和熟练度；紧急响应培训侧重于信心；软技能培训教授同理心；最后是运动技能培训。为了实现这些教育成果，实施了各种方法和模拟设计。其中一些方法在提供身临其境的体验以学习复杂任务方面非常创新，例如听诊，或通过模拟痴呆症生活来培养同理心。