Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 14;18(6):2981. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062981.
Lifestyle interventions are recognized as essential in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Previous studies have shown that Portuguese patients tend to give more importance to diagnostic and laboratory tests than to lifestyle measures, and seem unaware that behavioral risks are the main modifiable risk factors. The study aimed to analyze patients' perspectives about lifestyle behaviors and health in the context of family medicine in Portugal. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Portugal (the mainland). A total of 900 Portuguese patients aged ≥20 years, representative of the population, were surveyed using face-to-face questionnaires. Participants were selected by the random route method. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were performed to evaluate differences between the personal beliefs and the personal behavior self-assessment, as well as between the level of importance given to the family doctor to address health behaviors and the reported approach implemented by the family doctor, and its association with bio-demographic variables. The results indicate that the vast majority of this Portuguese cohort has informed beliefs regarding lifestyle behaviors, tends to overestimate their own behavior self-assessment, and strongly agrees that it is important that their family doctor asks/advises on these lifestyle behaviors, although the proportion of those who totally agree that their family doctor usually does this is significantly lower. Differences concerning bio-demographic variables were found. Future research directions should focus on the politics, economics, and policy aspects that may have an impact in this area. It will also be important to understand more broadly the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and clinical, physical, and sociodemographic variables.
生活方式干预措施被认为是预防和治疗非传染性疾病的重要手段。先前的研究表明，葡萄牙患者往往更重视诊断和实验室检查，而不是生活方式措施，而且似乎没有意识到行为风险是主要的可改变的危险因素。本研究旨在分析葡萄牙家庭医学背景下患者对生活方式行为和健康的看法。在葡萄牙（本土）进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。共有 900 名年龄≥20 岁的葡萄牙患者参与了这项研究，他们具有代表性。使用面对面的问卷对参与者进行了调查。参与者是通过随机路线法选择的。进行了描述性统计和非参数检验，以评估个人信念与个人行为自我评估之间的差异，以及对家庭医生解决健康行为的重视程度与家庭医生报告的实施方法之间的差异，并评估其与生物人口统计学变量的关系。结果表明，葡萄牙队列的绝大多数人对生活方式行为有明确的信念，倾向于高估自己的行为自我评估，强烈认为家庭医生询问/建议这些生活方式行为很重要，尽管完全同意家庭医生通常会这样做的比例显著较低。还发现了与生物人口统计学变量有关的差异。未来的研究方向应侧重于可能对这一领域产生影响的政治、经济和政策方面。了解生活方式行为与临床、身体和社会人口统计学变量之间的关系也很重要。
