Wilczyński Jacek, Ślęzak Grzegorz
Laboratory of Posturology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Al. IX Wieków Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland.
Municipal Psychological and Pedagogical Clinic Complex, Kielce, 75-215 Koszalin, Poland.
Children (Basel). 2021 Mar 7;8(3):200. doi: 10.3390/children8030200.
The aim of this research was to assess relationships between the level of vocabulary and selected elements of sensory integration and balance in 5-year-old girls and boys, showing the differences between them. The study group consisted of 290 5-year-old children (172 boys and 118 girls) with different levels of vocabulary development and selected disturbances in sensory integration and balance processes. To evaluate the developmental deficits of speech with regard to vocabulary, the Children's Dictionary Test was used. The Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance was also employed. In our research's overall assessment, 118 children, i.e., 41%, had a low level of vocabulary, while 108 (37%) had an average level and 64 (22%) had a high level. However, the average score of all examined children (3.71 stens) indicates a low level of vocabulary development. Less developed vocabulary skills included the ability to create subordinate words and define concepts. There were no significant differences in the level of vocabulary between girls and boys. We observed disorders concerning selected elements of sensory integration and balance in most of the children, and more often in boys. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of vocabulary and selected disorders of sensory integration and balance; however, they were not unambiguous. Children with the lowest level of vocabulary in overall assessment obtained significantly the worst results in the Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (CTSIB) open eyes, hard surface test. However, in the closed eyes, hard surface test, the lowest score was obtained by children with a high overall assessment. In turn, in the open eyes, soft surface test, the lowest score was noted for children with average overall assessment. In the complex CTSIB test, the lowest score was achieved by children with low ability to define concepts. The problem of the relationship between vocabulary level of and sensory integration as well as balance requires further research. The demonstrated significant relationships between some aspects of vocabulary level and selected elements of sensory integration as well as balance confirm the need to care for the overall psychomotor sphere of a child.
本研究的目的是评估5岁女童和男童的词汇水平与感觉统合及平衡的选定要素之间的关系，并揭示两者之间的差异。研究组由290名5岁儿童组成（172名男孩和118名女孩），他们的词汇发展水平不同，且在感觉统合和平衡过程中存在选定的障碍。为评估与词汇相关的言语发育缺陷，使用了儿童词典测试。还采用了感觉统合与平衡临床测试。在我们研究的总体评估中，118名儿童（即41%）词汇水平较低，108名（37%）处于平均水平，64名（22%）处于较高水平。然而，所有受检儿童的平均得分（3.71 sten）表明词汇发展水平较低。词汇技能发展较差的方面包括创造从属词和定义概念的能力。女孩和男孩在词汇水平上没有显著差异。我们观察到大多数儿童在感觉统合和平衡的选定要素方面存在障碍，男孩中更为常见。词汇水平与感觉统合和平衡的选定障碍之间存在统计学上的显著关系；然而，并不明确。在总体评估中词汇水平最低的儿童在感觉统合与平衡临床测试（CTSIB）睁眼硬表面测试中取得了明显最差的成绩。然而，在闭眼硬表面测试中，总体评估较高的儿童得分最低。相应地，在睁眼软表面测试中，总体评估为平均水平的儿童得分最低。在复杂的CTSIB测试中，定义概念能力低的儿童得分最低。词汇水平与感觉统合以及平衡之间的关系问题需要进一步研究。词汇水平的某些方面与感觉统合和平衡的选定要素之间已证明的显著关系证实了关注儿童整体心理运动领域的必要性。
