Alsayed Salma M, Alandijany Thamir A, El-Kafrawy Sherif A, Hassan Ahmed M, Bajrai Leena H, Faizo Arwa A, Mulla Eman A, Aljahdali Lujain S, Alquthami Khalid M, Zumla Alimuddin, Azhar Esam I
Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Pathogens. 2021 Mar 8;10(3):315. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030315.
The aim of our study was to define the spectrum of viral infections in pilgrims with acute respiratory tract illnesses presenting to healthcare facilities around the holy places in Makkah, Saudi Arabia during the 2019 Hajj pilgrimage. During the five days of Hajj, a total of 185 pilgrims were enrolled in the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) of 126/185 patients (68.11%) tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses by PCR. Among the 126 pilgrims whose NPS were PCR positive: (a) there were 93/126 (74%) with a single virus infection, (b) 33/126 (26%) with coinfection with more than one virus (up to four viruses): of these, 25/33 cases had coinfection with two viruses; 6/33 were infected with three viruses, while the remaining 2/33 patients had infection with four viruses. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common detected viruses with 53 cases (42.06%), followed by 27 (21.43%) cases of influenza A (H1N1), and 23 (18.25%) cases of influenza A other than H1N1. Twenty-five cases of CoV-229E (19.84%) were detected more than other coronavirus members (5 CoV-OC43 (3.97%), 4 CoV-HKU1 (3.17%), and 1 CoV-NL63 (0.79%)). PIV-3 was detected in 8 cases (6.35%). A single case (0.79%) of PIV-1 and PIV-4 were found. HMPV represented 5 (3.97%), RSV and influenza B 4 (3.17%) for each, and Parechovirus 1 (0.79%). Enterovirus, Bocavirus, and were not detected. Whether identification of viral nucleic acid represents nasopharyngeal carriage or specific causal etiology of RTI remains to be defined. Large controlled cohort studies (pre-Hajj, during Hajj, and post-Hajj) are required to define the carriage rates and the specific etiology and causal roles of specific individual viruses or combination of viruses in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections in pilgrims participating in the annual Hajj. Studies of the specific microbial etiology of respiratory track infections (RTIs) at mass gathering religious events remain a priority, especially in light of the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
我们研究的目的是确定2019年朝觐期间在沙特阿拉伯麦加圣地周边医疗机构就诊的急性呼吸道疾病朝圣者中病毒感染的种类。在朝觐的五天时间里，共有185名朝圣者参与了该研究。126/185例患者（68.11%）的鼻咽拭子经聚合酶链反应检测出一种或多种呼吸道病毒呈阳性。在126名鼻咽拭子聚合酶链反应呈阳性的朝圣者中：（a）93/126例（74%）为单一病毒感染；（b）33/126例（26%）为多种病毒合并感染（最多四种病毒）：其中，25/33例为两种病毒合并感染；6/33例感染三种病毒，其余2/33例患者感染四种病毒。人鼻病毒（HRV）是最常检测到的病毒，有53例（42.06%），其次是甲型流感（H1N1）27例（21.43%），以及非H1N1的甲型流感23例（18.25%）。检测到25例229E冠状病毒（19.84%），多于其他冠状病毒成员（5例OC43冠状病毒（3.97%）、4例HKU1冠状病毒（3.17%）和1例NL63冠状病毒（0.79%））。检测到8例副流感病毒3型（PIV-3）（6.35%）。发现1例PIV-1和1例PIV-4（0.79%）。人类偏肺病毒（HMPV）占5例（3.97%），呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和乙型流感各4例（3.17%），细小病毒1例（0.79%）。未检测到肠道病毒、博卡病毒等。病毒核酸的鉴定是代表鼻咽部携带还是呼吸道感染的特定病因仍有待确定。需要进行大规模对照队列研究（朝觐前、朝觐期间和朝觐后）来确定携带率以及特定个体病毒或病毒组合在参与年度朝觐的朝圣者呼吸道感染发病机制中的具体病因和因果作用。在大规模宗教集会活动中对呼吸道感染（RTIs）的特定微生物病因进行研究仍然是一个优先事项，特别是鉴于新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行。
