Ahmad Irfan, Rahman Taj, Zeb Asim, Khan Inayat, Othman Mohamed Tahar Ben, Hamam Habib
Department of Physical & Numerical Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 14;22(18):6945. doi: 10.3390/s22186945.
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) contain sensor nodes that sense the data and then transfer them to the sink node or base station. Sensor nodes are operationalized through limited-power batteries. Therefore, improvement in energy consumption becomes critical in UWSNs. Data forwarding through the nearest sensor node to the sink or base station reduces the network's reliability and stability because it creates a hotspot and drains the energy early. In this paper, we propose the cooperative energy-efficient routing (CEER) protocol to increase the network lifetime and acquire a reliable network. We use the sink mobility scheme to reduce energy consumption by eliminating the hotspot issue. We have divided the area into multiple sections for better deployment and deployed the sink nodes in each area. Sensor nodes generate the data and send it to the sink nodes to reduce energy consumption. We have also used the cooperative technique to achieve reliability in the network. Based on simulation results, the proposed scheme performed better than existing routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumption, transmission loss, and end-to-end delay.
水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）包含传感数据并将其传输到汇聚节点或基站的传感器节点。传感器节点通过有限电量的电池供电。因此，降低能耗在水下无线传感器网络中变得至关重要。通过最近的传感器节点向汇聚节点或基站转发数据会降低网络的可靠性和稳定性，因为这会形成热点并过早耗尽能量。在本文中，我们提出了协作式节能路由（CEER）协议，以延长网络寿命并获得可靠的网络。我们使用汇聚节点移动方案来消除热点问题，从而降低能耗。我们将区域划分为多个部分以便更好地进行部署，并在每个区域部署汇聚节点。传感器节点生成数据并将其发送到汇聚节点以降低能耗。我们还使用协作技术来实现网络的可靠性。基于仿真结果，所提出的方案在数据包交付率（PDR）、能耗、传输损耗和端到端延迟方面比现有路由协议表现更好。
