Institute of Central China Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Institute of Regional and Urban-Rural Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 27;18(9):4658. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094658.
Based on the provincial panel data of China during 2006-2017, this study uses the panel smooth transition (PSTR) model to study the dynamic transformation mechanism of pollution emission under environmental regulation. We focus on technological progress, economic growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) as threshold variables, and analyses the non-linear effects of environmental regulation on pollution emissions under those threshold variables, attempting to explore the effectiveness of existing environmental regulations. The structure of biased technological progress is based on the slacks-based measure (SBM) and Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index, which is divided into pollution-biased technology progress and clean-biased technology progress. Finally, we use the panel vector auto regressive (PVAR) algorithm to further verify the relationship. The findings are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation has a significant nonlinear effect on pollution emissions, and technological progress is the optimal threshold variable of this study. (2) Under the influence of these three factors, environmental regulation has a substitution effect on pollution discharge, and a stronger substitution effect on emission reduction in areas with advanced technology and high FDI. It also has a lower emission reduction effect in the high-system areas of economic development than in the low-system areas. (3) The PVAR results show that the impact on environmental regulation of technological progress and FDI has gradually turned from positive to negative; the impact of economic growth on environmental regulation has always been positive but is gradually decreasing. This study points out the direction for governments and companies to implement effective environmental regulations.
基于中国 2006-2017 年的省级面板数据，本研究运用面板平滑转移（PSTR）模型，研究了环境规制下污染排放的动态转换机制。我们以技术进步、经济增长和外商直接投资（FDI）为门槛变量，分析了环境规制对污染排放的非线性影响，旨在探索现有环境规制的有效性。偏向性技术进步的结构基于基于松弛的测度（SBM）和全局-马尔姆奎斯特-勒纳伯格指数，分为污染偏向技术进步和清洁偏向技术进步。最后，我们使用面板向量自回归（PVAR）算法进一步验证了这种关系。研究结果表明：（1）环境规制对污染排放具有显著的非线性影响，技术进步是本研究的最佳门槛变量；（2）在这三个因素的影响下，环境规制对污染排放具有替代效应，对技术先进和 FDI 水平较高地区的减排具有更强的替代效应，对经济发展系统水平较高地区的减排效应低于系统水平较低地区；（3）PVAR 结果表明，技术进步和 FDI 对环境规制的影响逐渐由正转负，经济增长对环境规制的影响一直为正，但呈逐渐下降趋势。本研究为政府和企业实施有效的环境规制指明了方向。
