Bednářová Martina, Karafiátová Miroslava, Hřibová Eva, Bartoš Jan
Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 9;10(3):505. doi: 10.3390/plants10030505.
B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary dispensable genomic elements that have been reported in several thousand eukaryotic species. Since their discovery, Bs have been subjected to countless studies aiming at the clarification of their origin, composition, and influence on the carriers. Despite these efforts, we still have very limited knowledge of the processes that led to the emergence of Bs, the mechanisms of their transmission, and the effects of Bs on the hosts. In the last decade, sophisticated molecular methods, including next-generation sequencing, have provided powerful tool to help answer some of these questions, but not many species have received much attention yet. In this review, we summarize the currently available information about Bs in the genus , which has so far been on the periphery of scientific interest. We present an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of Bs in various species, discuss the possible mechanisms involved in their maintenance and elimination, and outline hypotheses of the origin of Bs in this genus.
B染色体（Bs）是额外的可有可无的基因组元件，已在数千种真核生物物种中被报道。自发现以来，Bs已经经历了无数旨在阐明其起源、组成以及对携带者影响的研究。尽管做出了这些努力，但我们对导致Bs出现的过程、其传递机制以及Bs对宿主的影响仍然知之甚少。在过去十年中，包括下一代测序在内的先进分子方法提供了强大的工具来帮助回答其中一些问题，但尚未有许多物种受到太多关注。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于该属中Bs的可用信息，该属迄今为止一直处于科学兴趣的边缘。我们概述了Bs在各种物种中的出现情况和特征，讨论了其维持和消除可能涉及的机制，并概述了该属中Bs起源的假说。
