Department of Labor Capital and Innovation, Faculty of Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska St. 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Economics and Organization of Enterprise, Faculty of Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska St. 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 18;18(6):3138. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063138.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the correlations between two clearly defined forms of non-standard employment (self-employment and mandate contract) and workers' health. The study also addressed such variables as gender, age, length of service, and the reason for employment (voluntary vs. non-voluntary). The research was carried out in Poland in 2020 using the CATI method (a telephone interviewing technique), and it covered a sample of 200 workers (100 self-employed and 100 working under a mandate contract). Most of the respondents declared that their form of employment did not affect their health. However, the statistical analysis showed significant differences in health status between the self-employed and those working on a mandate contract. Self-employed respondents experienced mental health impacts more often, whereas those working under a mandate contract more frequently declared that their physical health was affected. The length of service was only important for mental health, having a negative impact on it. The respondents' age and gender turned out to be statistically insignificant, which is in contradiction to many previous research findings. The inability to choose one's form of employment resulted in worse physical health. These findings demonstrate the importance of certain variables that were not prioritized in previous studies and emphasize the need to clearly define what non-standard and precarious forms of employment are, as well as revealing new correlations between the studied categories and providing directions for further research.
本研究旨在分析两种明确界定的非标准就业形式（自营职业和委任合同）与工人健康之间的关联。该研究还涉及了性别、年龄、服务年限以及就业原因（自愿与非自愿）等变量。该研究于 2020 年在波兰使用 CATI 方法（电话访谈技术）进行，调查样本包括 200 名工人（100 名自营职业者和 100 名受委任合同约束的工人）。大多数受访者表示，他们的就业形式并未影响他们的健康。然而，统计分析显示，自营职业者和受委任合同约束的工人在健康状况方面存在显著差异。自营职业者更经常经历心理健康问题，而受委任合同约束的工人则更频繁地表示其身体健康受到影响。服务年限仅对心理健康重要，对其产生负面影响。受访者的年龄和性别在统计上并不重要，这与许多先前的研究结果相悖。无法选择自己的就业形式导致身体健康状况恶化。这些发现表明了某些先前研究中未被重视的变量的重要性，并强调需要明确界定非标准和不稳定就业形式的含义，揭示研究类别之间的新关联，并为进一步研究提供方向。
