Komada Yoko, Ishibashi Yoshiki, Hagiwara Shunta, Kobori Mariko, Shimura Akiyoshi
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Children (Basel). 2021 Mar 1;8(3):183. doi: 10.3390/children8030183.
Excessive daytime sleepiness is increasingly being recognized as a major global health concern. However, there have been few studies related to sleepiness and its associated factors in elementary school children. In Japan, all schools were closed from February to May 2020 to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the subjective sleepiness of pupils during the 1.5-year period and to elucidate factors associated with changes in sleepiness. Questionnaire surveys about pupils' sleep habits and the Japanese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS-J) were conducted longitudinally at one elementary school in June 2019, January 2020, and June 2020. The average ∆PDSS score was 0.94 ± 5.51 (mean ± standard deviation) from June 2019 to January 2020 and -1.65 ± 5.71 (t[498] = 6.13, < 0.01) from January 2020 to June 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that decreasing social jetlag was associated with decreasing PDSS scores (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96, = 0.02) during the school closure. A less restrictive school schedule secondary to a COVID-19-related school closure decreased sleepiness in children and was associated with decreasing social jetlag.
白天过度嗜睡日益被视为一个重大的全球健康问题。然而，关于小学生嗜睡及其相关因素的研究却很少。在日本，所有学校在2020年2月至5月期间关闭，以防止2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发。本研究的目的是确定1.5年期间小学生主观嗜睡情况的变化，并阐明与嗜睡变化相关的因素。于2019年6月、2020年1月和2020年6月在一所小学纵向开展了关于学生睡眠习惯的问卷调查以及日本版儿童日间嗜睡量表（PDSS-J）调查。从2019年6月到2020年1月，PDSS平均得分变化为0.94±5.51（均值±标准差），从2020年1月到2020年6月为-1.65±5.71（t[498]=6.13，<0.01）。单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析显示，在学校关闭期间，社交时差的减少与PDSS得分的降低相关（OR=0.77，95%CI：0.62-0.96，=0.02）。因COVID-19相关学校关闭导致的学校作息时间限制减少，降低了儿童的嗜睡程度，并与社交时差的减少相关。
