Appleman Erica R, Gilbert Karina Stavitsky, Au Rhoda
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
Boston VA Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA.
Sleep Health. 2015 Jun;1(2):109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
Research finds significant sleep deprivation among adolescents with early school start times. This study surveyed sleep patterns in elementary school students before and after a district-wide change to earlier start times.
Students in grades 3-5 completed a self-administered sleep survey in the spring of 2009 (third grade, n = 216; fourth grade, n = 214; fifth grade, n = 259; total, n = 689) and again in 2010 (third grade, n = 168; fourth grade, n = 194; fifth grade, n = 263; total, n = 625), after the school start time switched from 8:20 am to 7:45 am in the Fall of 2009. Students entering grade 3 experienced a larger shift from 9:10 am to 7:45 am, due to moving from the kindergarten-second-grade building to the third-to-fifth-grade building. Descriptive statistics quantified responses by grade.
Prechange, wake time across all grades was similar; postchange, fourth and fifth graders woke on average 30-40 minutes earlier than children in those grades the year before, and third graders woke on average 8 minutes later. Compared to prechange, third graders reported longer average total sleep times (24 minutes); fourth and fifth graders reported average sleep times 4 and 9 minutes shorter, respectively, than students in those grades the previous year. The percentage of students in each grade reporting later weekend wake and bed times decreased postchange. Reports of sleepiness somewhat increased for fifth graders postchange.
School start time change did not decrease total amount of sleep. This is the first study of its kind to report on the effects of a start time change in elementary school students.
研究发现上学早的青少年中存在严重的睡眠剥夺现象。本研究调查了在全学区上学时间提前前后小学生的睡眠模式。
三至五年级的学生于2009年春季完成了一份自我管理的睡眠调查问卷（三年级，n = 216；四年级，n = 214；五年级，n = 259；总计，n = 689），并于2010年再次进行调查（三年级，n = 168；四年级，n = 194；五年级，n = 263；总计，n = 625），2009年秋季学校上课时间从上午8:20改为上午7:45之后。进入三年级的学生从上午9:10改为上午7:45的时间变化更大，因为他们从幼儿园至二年级的教学楼搬到了三至五年级的教学楼。描述性统计按年级对回答进行了量化。
改变前，各年级的起床时间相似；改变后，四年级和五年级学生的起床时间比前一年同年级的孩子平均早30至40分钟，而三年级学生平均晚8分钟起床。与改变前相比，三年级学生报告的平均总睡眠时间更长（24分钟）；四年级和五年级学生报告的平均睡眠时间分别比前一年同年级的学生短4分钟和9分钟。各年级报告周末起床和睡觉时间较晚的学生比例在改变后有所下降。五年级学生在改变后困倦的报告有所增加。
学校上课时间的改变并没有减少总睡眠时间。这是同类研究中第一项报告小学生上课时间改变影响的研究。
