Oddone Francesco, Rossetti Luca, Parravano Mariacristina, Sbardella Diego, Coletta Massimo, Ziccardi Lucia, Roberti Gloria, Carnevale Carmela, Romano Dario, Manni Gianluca, Parisi Vincenzo
IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy.
Eye Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Mar 20;14(3):281. doi: 10.3390/ph14030281.
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine has been widely studied in systemic neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain ischemia. The rationale for the use of citicoline in ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, is founded on its multifactorial mechanism of action and the involvement in several metabolic pathways, including phospholipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as cholinergic and dopaminergic transmission, all being involved in the complexity of the visual transmission. This narrative review is aimed at reporting both pre-clinical data regarding the involvement of citicoline in such metabolic pathways (including new insights about its role in the intracellular proteostasis through an interaction with the proteasome) and its effects on clinical psychophysical, electrophysiological, and morphological outcomes following its use in ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases (including the results of the most recent prospective randomized clinical trials).
胞苷5'-二磷酸胆碱已在全身性神经退行性疾病中得到广泛研究，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和脑缺血。在包括青光眼、前部缺血性视神经病变和糖尿病视网膜病变在内的眼科神经退行性疾病中使用胞磷胆碱的理论依据，基于其多因素作用机制以及参与多种代谢途径，包括磷脂稳态、线粒体动力学以及胆碱能和多巴胺能传递，所有这些都与视觉传导的复杂性有关。本叙述性综述旨在报告关于胞磷胆碱参与此类代谢途径的临床前数据（包括通过与蛋白酶体相互作用在细胞内蛋白质稳态中作用的新见解），以及其在眼科神经退行性疾病中使用后对临床心理物理学、电生理学和形态学结果的影响（包括最新前瞻性随机临床试验的结果）。
