Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3289. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073289.
Neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function are related to the cause of aging, neurodegeneration, and neurotrauma. The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), exaggerating these two pathologies, underlies the pathogenesis for the aforementioned injuries and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) belongs to the human NEET protein family with the [2Fe-2S] cluster. CISD2 has been verified as an NFκB antagonist through the association with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β). This protective protein can be attenuated under circumstances of CNS injuries and diseases, thereby causing NFκB activation and exaggerating NFκB-provoked neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function. Consequently, CISD2-elevating plans of action provide pathways in the management of various disease categories. Various bioactive molecules derived from plants exert protective anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and serve as natural antioxidants, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Herein, we have summarized pharmacological characters of the two phytochemicals, namely, alpha-eleostearic acid (α-ESA), an isomer of conjugated linolenic acids derived from wild bitter melon L. , and curcumin, a polyphenol derived from rhizomes of L. In this review, the unique function of the CISD2-elevating effect of α-ESA and curcumin are particularly emphasized, and these natural compounds are expected to serve as a potential therapeutic target for CNS injuries and diseases.
神经炎症和异常的线粒体功能与衰老、神经退行性变和神经创伤的原因有关。核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）的激活，夸大了这两种病理学，是中枢神经系统（CNS）上述损伤和疾病发病机制的基础。CDGSH 铁硫域 2（CISD2）属于具有[2Fe-2S]簇的人类 NEET 蛋白家族。CISD2 通过与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-β（PPAR-β）的关联，被验证为 NFκB 的拮抗剂。这种保护性蛋白在中枢神经系统损伤和疾病的情况下会被减弱，从而导致 NFκB 的激活，并夸大 NFκB 引起的神经炎症和异常的线粒体功能。因此，CISD2 升高的行动计划为各种疾病类别的管理提供了途径。各种源自植物的生物活性分子具有保护抗氧化和抗炎作用，并作为天然抗氧化剂，如共轭脂肪酸和酚类化合物。在此，我们总结了两种植物化学物质的药理学特征，即来自野生苦瓜 L.的共轭亚油酸异构体α-eleostearic 酸（α-ESA）和来自根茎的姜黄素。在这篇综述中，特别强调了 α-ESA 和姜黄素升高 CISD2 的独特作用，这些天然化合物有望成为 CNS 损伤和疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
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