Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Pediatrics Department #1, Danylo Halytsky L'viv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 23;18(6):3302. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063302.
Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character-more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.
超重和肥胖以及儿童和青少年体重不足是一个重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在调查乌克兰儿童在 2013/2014 年和 2018/2019 年期间体重不足、超重和肥胖发生率的长期趋势。这些研究在乌克兰的随机选择的小学和中学进行。共有 13447 名儿童（6468 名男孩和 6979 名女孩）参加了 2013/2014 年的研究，18144 名儿童（8717 名男孩和 9427 名女孩）参加了 2018/2019 年的研究。分别对体重和身高进行了三次测量。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准，诊断体重不足、超重和肥胖。在女孩组中，仅在 7 岁组中发现 2013/2014 年和 2018/2019 年测量结果之间存在显著差异。在这个年龄段，女孩的体重指数（BMI）超过正常范围的比例在 2018/2019 年的研究中较低。在男孩中，7 岁组也发现了显著差异，而且，与女孩一样，超重和肥胖的比例在 2018/2019 年较低。但对于 12、13 和 15 岁的年龄组，显著差异的特征不同——在 2018/2019 年的研究中，超重或肥胖的男孩比例更高。在大多数年龄组中，男孩和女孩的体重不足儿童比例相似，在统计学上没有显著差异。
