Antibiotics as a Stressing Factor Triggering the Harboring of J99 within ATCC10231.

UNLABELLED

First-line treatment for includes amoxicillin and clarithromycin or metronidazole plus a proton pump inhibitor. Treatment failure is associated with antibiotic resistance and possibly also with internalization of into eukaryotic cells, such as yeasts. Factors triggering the entry of into yeast are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether clarithromycin or amoxicillin trigger the entry of into cells.

METHODS

J99 and ATCC 10231 were co-cultured in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin and clarithromycin as stressors. Bacterial-bearing yeasts were observed by fresh examination. The viability of bacteria within yeasts was evaluated, confirming the entry of bacteria into , amplifying, by PCR, the gene in total yeast DNA.

RESULTS

Amoxicillin significantly increased the entry of into compared to the control.

CONCLUSION

the internalization of into in the presence of antibiotics is dependent on the type of antibiotic used, and it suggests that a therapy including amoxicillin may stimulate the entry of the bacterium into , thus negatively affecting the success of the treatment.