Ca Signaling as the Untact Mode during Signaling in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Metastatic features of breast cancer in the brain are considered a common pathology in female patients with late-stage breast cancer. Ca signaling and the overexpression pattern of Ca channels have been regarded as oncogenic markers of breast cancer. In other words, breast tumor development can be mediated by inhibiting Ca channels. Although the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Ca channels against breast cancer has been demonstrated, the relationship between breast cancer metastasis and Ca channels is not yet understood. Thus, we focused on the metastatic features of breast cancer and summarized the basic mechanisms of Ca-related proteins and channels during the stages of metastatic breast cancer by evaluating Ca signaling. In particular, we highlighted the metastasis of breast tumors to the brain. Thus, modulating Ca channels with Ca channel inhibitors and combined applications will advance treatment strategies for breast cancer metastasis to the brain.