Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Lycored, Secaucus, NJ 07094, USA.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 30;26(7):1931. doi: 10.3390/molecules26071931.
Oral carotenoids and polyphenols have been suggested to induce photo-protective effects. The aim of the study was to test whether the combination of carotenoids and polyphenols produce greater protective effects from UV-induced damage to skin cells. Such damage is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress; thus, the photo-protective effect can be partially explained by modulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and antioxidant response element/Nrf2 (ARE/Nrf2) transcription systems, known as important regulators of these two processes. Indeed, it was found in keratinocytes that carotenoids and polyphenols inhibit UVB-induced NFκB activity and release of cytokine IL-6. A combination of tomato extract with rosemary extract inhibited UVB-induced release of IL-6 more than each of the compounds alone. Moreover, this combination synergistically activated ARE/Nrf2 transcription systems. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to collagen breakdown; thus, it is important to note that carnosic acid reduced TNFα-induced MMP-1 secretion from human dermal fibroblasts. The in vitro results suggest beneficial effects of phytonutrient combinations on skin health. To assure that clinical experiments to prove such effects in humans are feasible, the human bioavailability of carotenoids from tomato extract was tested, and nearly a twofold increase in their plasma concentrations was detected. This study demonstrates that carotenoids and polyphenols cooperate in balancing UV-induced skin cell damage, and suggests that NFκB and ARE/Nrf2 are involved in these effects.
口服类胡萝卜素和多酚已被证明具有光保护作用。本研究旨在测试类胡萝卜素和多酚的组合是否能对紫外线诱导的皮肤细胞损伤产生更大的保护作用。这种损伤的特征是炎症和氧化应激；因此，光保护作用可以通过调节核因子 kappa B（NFκB）和抗氧化反应元件/Nrf2（ARE/Nrf2）转录系统来部分解释，这两个系统被认为是这两个过程的重要调节剂。事实上，在角质形成细胞中发现，类胡萝卜素和多酚抑制 UVB 诱导的 NFκB 活性和细胞因子 IL-6 的释放。番茄提取物与迷迭香提取物的组合抑制 UVB 诱导的 IL-6 释放的效果优于单独使用每种化合物。此外，这种组合协同激活了 ARE/Nrf2 转录系统。炎症细胞因子如 IL-6 和 TNFα 诱导基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的表达，导致胶原蛋白分解；因此，值得注意的是，牛儿酸抑制了 TNFα 诱导的人真皮成纤维细胞中 MMP-1 的分泌。体外研究结果表明，植物营养素组合对皮肤健康有有益的影响。为了确保在人体中进行临床试验以证明这些效果是可行的，测试了番茄提取物中类胡萝卜素的人体生物利用度，检测到其血浆浓度增加了近两倍。这项研究表明，类胡萝卜素和多酚协同作用，平衡紫外线诱导的皮肤细胞损伤，并且表明 NFκB 和 ARE/Nrf2 参与了这些作用。
