Boo Yong Chool
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Sep 1;9(9):812. doi: 10.3390/antiox9090812.
Since the discovery of antioxidant responsive elements (ARE), which are commonly found in the promoter of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that binds to ARE, the study conducted in this field has expanded remarkably over the decades, and the Nrf2-mediated pathway is now recognized to occupy a central position in cell defense mechanisms. Induction of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes through direct activation of Nrf2 can be a promising strategy for preventing degenerative diseases in general, but a dark side of this strategy should be considered, as Nrf2 activation can enhance the survival of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the historical discovery of Nrf2 and the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated pathway, focusing on the interacting proteins and post-translational modifications. In addition, we discuss the latest studies that examined various natural Nrf2 modulators for the protective roles in the skin, in consideration of their dermatological and cosmetic applications. Studies are reviewed in the order of time of research as much as possible, to help understand how and why such studies were conducted under the circumstances of that time. We hope that this review can serve as a steppingstone in conducting more advanced research by providing a scientific basis for researchers newly entering this field.
自从发现抗氧化反应元件（ARE），其常见于Ⅱ相代谢/抗氧化酶的启动子中，以及核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2），即与ARE结合的转录因子以来，该领域的研究在过去几十年中显著扩展，并且Nrf2介导的途径现在被认为在细胞防御机制中占据核心地位。通过直接激活Nrf2来诱导Ⅱ相代谢/抗氧化酶，总体而言可能是预防退行性疾病的一种有前景的策略，但应考虑该策略的负面影响，因为Nrf2激活可增强癌细胞的存活。在这篇综述中，我们讨论Nrf2的历史发现以及Nrf2介导途径的调控机制，重点关注相互作用蛋白和翻译后修饰。此外，考虑到它们在皮肤病学和化妆品方面的应用，我们讨论了最新的研究，这些研究检测了各种天然Nrf2调节剂在皮肤中的保护作用。尽可能按照研究时间顺序对研究进行综述，以帮助理解在当时的情况下这些研究是如何以及为何进行的。我们希望这篇综述能够为新进入该领域的研究人员提供科学依据，成为开展更深入研究的垫脚石。
