Wollenweber Tassilo Erik, van Deenen Nicole, Roelfs Kai-Uwe, Prüfer Dirk, Gronover Christian Schulze
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;10(3):555. doi: 10.3390/plants10030555.
The transition of the Russian dandelion (Asteraceae) to a profitable, alternative crop producing natural rubber and inulin requires the optimization of several agronomic traits, cultivation conditions and harvesting procedures to improve the yield. However, efficient breeding is hindered by the obligatory sexual outcrossing of this species. Several other asters have been investigated to determine the mechanism of self-incompatibility, but the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. We therefore investigated the self-pollination and cross-pollination of two compatible varieties (TkMS2 and TkMS3) by microscopy and transcriptomic analysis to shed light on the pollination process. Self-pollination showed typical sporophytic self-incompatibility characteristics, with the rare pollen swelling at the pollen tube apex. In contrast, cross-pollination was characterized by pollen germination and penetration of the stigma by the growing pollen tubes. RNA-Seq was used to profile gene expression in the floret tissue during self-pollination and cross-pollination, and the differentially expressed genes were identified. This revealed three candidates for the early regulation of pollination in , which can be used to examine self-incompatibility mechanisms in more detail and to facilitate breeding programs.
将俄罗斯蒲公英（菊科）转变为一种能够生产天然橡胶和菊粉的有利可图的替代作物，需要优化多个农艺性状、栽培条件和收获程序以提高产量。然而，该物种 obligatory 的有性异花授粉阻碍了高效育种。已经对其他几种紫菀进行了研究，以确定自交不亲和的机制，但其潜在的分子基础仍不清楚。因此，我们通过显微镜观察和转录组分析研究了两个兼容品种（TkMS2 和 TkMS3）的自花授粉和异花授粉，以阐明授粉过程。自花授粉表现出典型的孢子体自交不亲和特征，花粉管顶端的花粉很少膨胀。相比之下，异花授粉的特征是花粉萌发和生长的花粉管穿透柱头。RNA-Seq 用于分析自花授粉和异花授粉期间小花组织中的基因表达，并鉴定差异表达基因。这揭示了三个参与授粉早期调控的候选基因，可用于更详细地研究自交不亲和机制并促进育种计划。
