Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
Research Centre in Engineering and Management, Politehnica University Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;18(6):3058. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063058.
First-year students undergo several transformations like the transition from high school to university schedules, teaching methods, and discipline specificities to social changes that come with meeting new colleagues or moving to other locations far from family and friends. The COVID-19 outbreak brought additional concerns and uncertainties once educational systems implemented distance learning schemes for public health management. Nevertheless, higher educational organizations preferred to implement hybrid approaches for student engagement motivation and high dropout rate avoidance. In Romania, such an educational system has been applied with caution. Since the pandemic needs to be understood as an opportunity for adaptation and education improvements, the purpose of the present paper is to uncover lessons learned and to develop a systematized model based on students' perception regarding face-to-face, online and hybrid systems. For this reason, a grounded theory approach has been preferred. Thus, 149 Romanian students enrolled in the first year in engineering specialities with ages between 18-26 years both male (50.3%) and female (49.7%) have answered the research questions in an online environment due to pandemic restrictions. Based on the online asynchronous student interviews, 220 codes and a further 13 categories have been developed. After a pertinent analysis of the relationships between categories and relevant literature sorting, a theoretical model for the Romanian higher educational current pandemic situation has been proposed. The main face-to-face and online education characteristics are outlined, the hybrid approach becoming a bridge between the two systems. Management implications are outlined together with further research directions.
一年级学生经历了多种转变，例如从高中到大学的课程安排、教学方法和学科特点的转变，以及与新同事见面或搬到远离家人和朋友的其他地方带来的社会变化。COVID-19 疫情爆发后，教育系统为公共卫生管理实施远程学习计划，带来了额外的关注和不确定性。然而，高等教育机构更倾向于实施混合方法，以激发学生的参与积极性并避免高辍学率。在罗马尼亚，这种教育系统的应用非常谨慎。由于大流行需要被理解为适应和教育改进的机会，本文的目的是揭示经验教训，并根据学生对面对面、在线和混合系统的看法，制定一个系统化的模型。为此，我们选择了扎根理论方法。因此，由于疫情限制，149 名年龄在 18-26 岁之间的罗马尼亚一年级工科专业学生（男生占 50.3%，女生占 49.7%）回答了在线环境中的研究问题。基于在线异步学生访谈，我们开发了 220 个代码和 13 个进一步的类别。在对类别之间的关系和相关文献进行适当分析后，提出了一个针对罗马尼亚高等教育当前大流行情况的理论模型。概述了面对面和在线教育的主要特点，混合方法成为两个系统之间的桥梁。概述了管理影响以及进一步的研究方向。
