Mabhala Mzwandile, Esealuka Winifred Adaobi, Nwufo Amanda Nkolika, Enyinna Chinwe, Mabhala Chelsea Nonkosi, Udechukwu Treasure, Reid John, Yohannes Asmait
Faculty of Health and Social Care, Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of CHESTER, Riverside Campus, Chester CH1 1SL, UK.
Faculty of Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;18(6):3066. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063066.
Poverty creates social conditions that increase the likelihood of homelessness. These include exposure to traumatic life experiences; social disadvantages such as poor educational experiences; being raised in a broken family, care homes or foster care; physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; and neglect at an early age. These conditions reduce people's ability to negotiate through life challenges. This cross-sectional study documents the clustering and frequency of adverse social conditions among 152 homeless people from four cities in North West England between January and August 2020. Two-step cluster analysis showed that having parents with a criminal record, care history, and child neglect/abuse history was predictive of homelessness. The cluster of indicator variables among homeless people included sexual abuse (χ2 (N = 152) = 220.684, < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.7), inappropriate sexual behaviour (χ2 (N = 152) = 207.737, < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.7), emotional neglect (χ2 (N = 152) = 181.671, < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.7), physical abuse by step-parent (χ2 (N = 152) = 195.882, < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.8), and physical neglect (χ2 (N = 152) = 205.632, < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.8). Poverty and homelessness are intertwined because of the high prevalence of poverty among the homeless. Poverty sets up a chain of interactions between social conditions that increase the likelihood of unfavourable outcomes: homelessness is at the end of the interaction chain. Interventions supporting families to rise out of poverty may also reduce entry into homelessness.
贫困造就了一些社会状况，增加了无家可归的可能性。这些状况包括遭受创伤性的生活经历；社会劣势，如糟糕的教育经历；在破裂家庭、养老院或寄养家庭中长大；身体、情感和性虐待；以及幼年时被忽视。这些状况降低了人们应对生活挑战的能力。这项横断面研究记录了2020年1月至8月期间来自英格兰西北部四个城市的152名无家可归者中不良社会状况的聚集情况和发生频率。两步聚类分析表明，父母有犯罪记录、照料史以及儿童被忽视/虐待史可预测无家可归。无家可归者中的指标变量聚类包括性虐待（χ2（N = 152）= 220.684，< 0.001，克莱姆相关系数V = 0.7）、不当性行为（χ2（N = 152）= 207.737，< 0.001，克莱姆相关系数V = 0.7）、情感忽视（χ2（N = 152）= 181.671，< 0.001，克莱姆相关系数V = 0.7）、继父母的身体虐待（χ2（N = 152）= 195.882，< 0.001，克莱姆相关系数V = 0.8）以及身体忽视（χ2（N = 152）= 205.632，< 0.001，克莱姆相关系数V = 0.8）。贫困和无家可归相互交织，因为无家可归者中贫困的发生率很高。贫困在社会状况之间建立了一系列相互作用，增加了不利结果的可能性：无家可归处于这一相互作用链的末端。支持家庭摆脱贫困的干预措施也可能减少无家可归者的数量。
