Bizoń Anna, Milnerowicz Halina, Kowalska-Piastun Katarzyna, Milnerowicz-Nabzdyk Ewa
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
2nd Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 22;10(3):493. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030493.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of early pregnancy and exposure to tobacco smoke on antioxidant status and copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in the blood of non-smoking and smoking, as well as non-pregnant or pregnant women. The study included 213 women. More specifically, 150 women in first trimester of pregnancy and 63 non-pregnant women. Women were divided into subgroups according to exposure to tobacco smoke. Pregnancy significant influences higher copper and lower zinc concentration in the serum, whereas exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy is mainly associated with an elevation in cadmium and zinc concentration. It seems that metallothionein, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are the important antioxidants during early pregnancy, when exposure to tobacco smoke occurs, whereas the pregnancy itself is associated with a higher concentration of metallothionein and activity of catalase. Both pregnancy in the first trimester and exposure to tobacco smoke decrease glutathione concentration. In addition, active and passive maternal smoking have a similarly negative effect on antioxidant status in the first trimester. Early pregnancy as well as exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with significant alteration in antioxidant status and copper, zinc, and cadmium concentration. Due to a small number of smoking subjects (11 cases of non-pregnant, active smokers and 14 pregnant active smokers), the obtained results should be treated as a pilot, and this should be considered for future studies.
本研究的目的是评估早期妊娠以及接触烟草烟雾对非吸烟和吸烟的非孕妇或孕妇血液中抗氧化状态以及铜、锌和镉浓度的影响。该研究纳入了213名女性。具体而言，有150名处于妊娠早期的女性和63名非孕妇。根据接触烟草烟雾的情况将女性分为亚组。妊娠显著影响血清中较高的铜浓度和较低的锌浓度，而妊娠期间接触烟草烟雾主要与镉和锌浓度升高有关。在妊娠早期接触烟草烟雾时，金属硫蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶似乎是重要的抗氧化剂，而妊娠本身与较高浓度的金属硫蛋白和过氧化氢酶活性有关。妊娠早期和接触烟草烟雾均会降低谷胱甘肽浓度。此外，孕妇主动吸烟和被动吸烟对妊娠早期的抗氧化状态具有类似的负面影响。早期妊娠以及接触烟草烟雾均与抗氧化状态以及铜、锌和镉浓度的显著改变有关。由于吸烟受试者数量较少（11例非孕妇主动吸烟者和14例孕妇主动吸烟者），所获得的结果应视为初步结果，未来研究应予以考虑。
