Department for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland.
Swiss Lifesaving Swimming Federation, 6210 Sursee, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 26;18(7):3454. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073454.
The aim of the study was to investigate key performance indicators for the individual pool-based disciplines of competitive lifesaving regarding strength, flexibility, sprint and endurance swimming performance, anthropometric characteristics, and technical skills specific to competitive lifesaving. Data were collected from Swiss national team members (seven males: age 19 ± 2 yrs, body mass 77 ± 11 kg, body height 177 ± 7 cm and seven females age 21 ± 5 yrs, body mass 64 ± 6 kg, body height 171 ± 4 cm) competing at the 2019 European lifesaving championships. Potential key performance indicators were assessed with race times derived from the 2019 long-course season using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Large and significant correlations showed that sprint, i.e., 50 m freestyle performance ( ≥ 0.770), was related to race time of all pool-based disciplines, rather than endurance swimming performance. Additionally, significant correlations revealed upper body strength, i.e., bench press ( ≥ -0.644) and pull ( ≥ -0.697), and leg strength ( ≥ -0.627) as key performance indicators. Importance of the lifesaving-specific skills, anthropometric characteristics, and core strength varied between the disciplines. Flexibility was not significantly related to race times of competitive lifesaving. The present study showed that sprint swimming performance, upper body, and leg strength are particularly important for competitive lifesaving. As other physical and technical requirements varied between the pool-based disciplines, coaches may use the present key performance indicators to establish training guidelines and conditioning programs as well as prioritize skill acquisition in training to specifically prepare athletes for their main disciplines.
本研究旨在探讨竞技救生各个池上项目的关键绩效指标，包括力量、柔韧性、短距离游泳和耐力游泳表现、人体测量特征以及竞技救生特有的技术技能。数据来自参加 2019 年欧洲救生锦标赛的瑞士国家队队员（七名男性：年龄 19 ± 2 岁，体重 77 ± 11 公斤，身高 177 ± 7 厘米；七名女性：年龄 21 ± 5 岁，体重 64 ± 6 公斤，身高 171 ± 4 厘米）。使用 Spearman 相关系数评估潜在的关键绩效指标，这些指标是根据 2019 年长距离赛季的比赛时间得出的。大且显著的相关性表明，短距离游泳，即 50 米自由泳表现（≥0.770）与所有池上项目的比赛时间相关，而与耐力游泳表现无关。此外，显著的相关性表明，上肢力量，即卧推（≥-0.644）和拉力（≥-0.697）以及腿部力量（≥-0.627）是关键绩效指标。救生特定技能、人体测量特征和核心力量对不同项目的重要性不同。柔韧性与竞技救生的比赛时间没有显著相关性。本研究表明，短距离游泳表现、上肢和腿部力量对竞技救生尤为重要。由于池上项目之间存在其他身体和技术要求的差异，教练可以使用本研究中的关键绩效指标来制定训练指导方针和体能训练计划，并在训练中优先考虑技能获取，以有针对性地为运动员的主要项目做好准备。
