Elam Cecilia, Aagaard Per, Slinde Frode, Svantesson Ulla, Hulthén Lena, Magnusson Peter S, Bunketorp-Käll Lina
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg: Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2021 Mar;33(3):250-260. doi: 10.1589/jpts.33.250. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
[Purpose] To examine the effects of age and gender in an ageing population with respect to functional decline and the relationship between muscle power and functional capacity. [Participants and Methods] The cohort (N=154) was subdivided into youngest-old (65-70 years.; n=62), middle-old (71-75 years.; n=46), and oldest-old (76-81 years.; n=46). Measures of mechanical muscle function included countermovement jump height, muscle power, leg strength and grip strength. Functional performance-based measures included heel-rise, postural balance, Timed Up and Go, and gait speed. [Results] The oldest-old performed significantly worse than the middle-old, whereas the youngest-old did not outperform the middle-old to the same extent. Increased contribution of muscle power was observed with increasing age. Males had consistently higher scores in measures of mechanical muscle function, whereas no gender differences were observed for functional capacity. [Conclusion] The age-related decline in functional capacity appears to accelerate when approaching 80 years of age and lower limb muscle power seems to contribute to a greater extent to the preservation of functional balance and gait capacity at that stage. Males outperform females in measures of mechanical muscle function independent of age, while the findings give no support for the existence of gender differences in functional capacity.
[目的] 研究老年人群中年龄和性别对功能衰退的影响，以及肌肉力量与功能能力之间的关系。[参与者与方法] 该队列（N = 154）被分为年轻老年人（65 - 70岁；n = 62）、中年老年人（71 - 75岁；n = 46）和高龄老年人（76 - 81岁；n = 46）。肌肉机械功能的测量指标包括反向运动跳跃高度、肌肉力量、腿部力量和握力。基于功能表现的测量指标包括足跟抬起、姿势平衡、定时起立行走测试和步速。[结果] 高龄老年人的表现明显比中年老年人差，而年轻老年人在同等程度上并未超过中年老年人。随着年龄增长，观察到肌肉力量的贡献增加。男性在肌肉机械功能测量指标上的得分始终较高，而在功能能力方面未观察到性别差异。[结论] 接近80岁时，与年龄相关的功能能力衰退似乎加速，并且在该阶段下肢肌肉力量似乎在更大程度上有助于维持功能平衡和步态能力。在肌肉机械功能测量方面，男性的表现优于女性，与年龄无关，而研究结果不支持功能能力存在性别差异这一观点。
