Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 18;12(1):10286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14666-0.
Debate has long surrounded whether temperament and personality are distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. To the extent that there are differences, it could indicate important developmental insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for linking traits with outcomes. One way to test this is to examine the joint and incremental predictive validity of temperament and personality in the same individuals across time. Using a longitudinal sample spanning 3 decades starting at infancy and followed up to 37 years old (N = 7081), we ran a series of Bayesian generalized linear models with measures of childhood temperament and adult-based personality to predict outcomes in several life domains. Results indicated that while each set of individual differences were often related to the same outcomes, there were instances in which temperament provided incremental validity above adult personality, ranging from 2 to 10% additional variance explained. Personality in childhood explained the most variance for outcomes such as cognitive ability and educational attainment whereas personality performed best for outcomes such as health status, substance use, and most internalizing outcomes. These findings indicate childhood and adulthood assessments of personality are not redundant and that a lifespan approach is needed to understand fully understand life outcomes.
关于气质和性格是截然不同的个体差异，还是同一枚硬币的两面，一直存在争议。在存在差异的情况下，这可能表明有关将特征与结果联系起来的机制的重要发展见解。检验这一点的一种方法是，在同一人群中，随着时间的推移，同时检查气质和性格的联合和增量预测效度。我们使用从婴儿期开始并持续到 37 岁的 30 年纵向样本（N=7081），运行了一系列贝叶斯广义线性模型，其中包括儿童气质和基于成人的人格的测量，以预测几个生活领域的结果。结果表明，虽然每一组个体差异通常与相同的结果相关，但在某些情况下，气质在成人人格之上提供了增量有效性，解释的方差增加了 2%至 10%。儿童时期的人格对认知能力和教育程度等结果的解释能力最强，而人格对健康状况、物质使用和大多数内在化结果等结果的解释能力最强。这些发现表明，儿童期和成年期的人格评估并非多余，需要采用终身评估方法才能全面了解生活结果。
