Department of Proteomics-Biochemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Department of Human Bacterial Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Mar;76(1):127-138. doi: 10.22092/ari.2020.128766.1428. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Snake venoms are mostly composed of various proteins and peptides with toxicity and pharmacological effects depending on their geographical sources. Naja naja oxiana is one of the most medically important venomous snakes in Iran and Central Asia. The bite of this type of snake can cause severe pain and swelling, as well as neurotoxicity. Without medical treatment, symptoms quickly worsen and death can occur soon. A detailed understanding of venom components can provide new insight into the production of antivenom against toxic agents instead of crude venom. Specific antibodies against toxic fractions are of utmost importance in neutralizing crude venom. Therefore, the proteome profile of these fractions of Naja naja oxidana venom was analyzed using fractionation by gel filtration, two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and data mining. Base on the results, in total, 32 spots were detected and categorized into three protein families, namely three-finger toxin (3FTx), phospholipase, and Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP). These proteins consist of more than 70% crude venom all with a molecular weight below 25 kDa. The 3FTx as a highly diverse constituent in the venom of Naja species was in large quantity in this district. Short-chain neurotoxins, including short neurotoxin, cytotoxin, and muscarinic toxin-like protein, were in abundance, respectively. In conclusion, the recognition of toxic fractions of Naja naja oxiana in this region could be of great help in the production of an effective antivenom against similar compositions. It can also help the medical care department to find out the clinical sign of cobra venom. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to report the proteomic of toxic fractions of Naja naja oxiana in Iran.
蛇毒主要由各种具有毒性和药理作用的蛋白质和肽组成，其毒性和药理作用取决于其地理来源。奥利亚纳氏眼镜蛇是伊朗和中亚地区最重要的毒蛇之一。这种蛇的咬伤会导致剧烈疼痛和肿胀，以及神经毒性。如果没有医疗治疗，症状会迅速恶化，很快就会死亡。详细了解毒液成分可以为生产抗毒剂提供新的思路，而不是使用粗毒液。针对有毒成分的特异性抗体对于中和粗毒液至关重要。因此，使用凝胶过滤、二维电泳、质谱和数据挖掘等方法对奥利亚纳氏眼镜蛇毒液的这些毒性成分进行了蛋白质组学分析。基于结果，总共检测到 32 个斑点，并将其分为三个蛋白质家族，即三指毒素（3FTx）、磷脂酶和富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白（CRISP）。这些蛋白质由超过 70%的粗毒液组成，分子量均低于 25 kDa。3FTx 作为眼镜蛇属蛇毒中高度多样化的成分，在本地区含量丰富。短链神经毒素，包括短神经毒素、细胞毒素和毒蕈碱样蛋白，分别含量丰富。总之，本地区奥利亚纳氏眼镜蛇毒性成分的识别有助于生产针对类似成分的有效抗蛇毒血清，也有助于医疗保健部门发现眼镜蛇毒液的临床特征。据我们所知，这是伊朗首次报道奥利亚纳氏眼镜蛇毒性成分的蛋白质组学研究。
