Evenett Simon, Fiorini Matteo, Fritz Johannes, Hoekman Bernard, Lukaszuk Piotr, Rocha Nadia, Ruta Michele, Santi Filippo, Shingal Anirudh
University of St Gallen, St. Gallen Switzerland.
European University Institute Fiesole Italy.
World Econ. 2022 Feb;45(2):342-364. doi: 10.1111/twec.13119. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
This paper presents new high-frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on a week-by-week basis. The data set reveals a rapid increase in trade policy activism in February and March 2020 in tandem with the rise in COVID-19 cases but also uncovers extensive heterogeneity across countries in both their use of trade policy and the types of measures used. Some countries acted to restrict exports and facilitate imports, others targeted only one of these margins, and many did not use trade policy at all. The observed heterogeneity suggests numerous research questions on the drivers of trade policy responses to COVID-19, on the effects of these measures on trade and prices of critical products, and on the role of trade agreements in influencing the use of trade policy.
本文展示了自新冠疫情爆发以来针对医疗和食品产品的贸易政策变化的新高频数据，记录了各国如何逐周使用贸易政策工具应对健康危机。该数据集显示，2020年2月和3月，随着新冠病例的增加，贸易政策行动迅速增加，但同时也发现各国在贸易政策的使用和所采取措施的类型方面存在广泛的异质性。一些国家采取行动限制出口并促进进口，另一些国家只针对其中一个方面，还有许多国家根本没有使用贸易政策。观察到的异质性提出了许多关于贸易政策应对新冠疫情的驱动因素、这些措施对关键产品贸易和价格的影响以及贸易协定在影响贸易政策使用方面的作用的研究问题。
