Egger Peter H, Masllorens Gerard, Rocha Nadia, Ruta Michele
ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
CEPR, United Kingdom.
Econ Lett. 2023 Feb;223:110973. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110973. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries used export and import policy as a tool to expand the availability of scarce critical medical products in the domestic market (scarcity nationalism). This paper assesses the direct and indirect (via trade in intermediates) increases in trade costs of critical medical goods resulting from these uncooperative policies. The results show that scarcity nationalism led to substantial increases in trade costs between February 2020 and December 2021 for most COVID-19 critical medical products, particularly garments (for example, face masks) and ventilators. The exception is vaccines, which saw a reduction in trade costs, which, however, was driven by the reduction in indirect trade costs for high-income countries, consistent with the view of a COVID-19 vaccine production club.
在新冠疫情期间，许多国家将进出口政策作为一种工具，以扩大国内市场稀缺关键医疗产品的供应（稀缺民族主义）。本文评估了这些不合作政策导致的关键医疗物资贸易成本的直接和间接（通过中间品贸易）增加。结果表明，稀缺民族主义导致2020年2月至2021年12月期间，大多数新冠关键医疗产品的贸易成本大幅增加，尤其是服装（如口罩）和呼吸机。疫苗是个例外，其贸易成本有所降低，不过这是由高收入国家间接贸易成本的降低推动的，这与新冠疫苗生产俱乐部的观点一致。
