Laboratório de Diversidade de Insetos do Cerrado, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil, CEP: 70910-900.
Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil, CEP: 70910-900, and.
J Med Entomol. 2021 Jul 16;58(4):1643-1653. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab039.
Holometabolous insects undergo complete metamorphosis, and hence, they have different phases of development (egg, larva, pupa, and adult), which occupy distinct ecological niches. The pupae of several fly species are surrounded by the puparium, which is a rigid structure, usually formed by the integument of the last larval instar. The puparium presents unique characteristics distinct from those of the larval and adult phases. During intrapuparial development, it is possible to distinguish at least four fundamental and continuous steps, namely: 1) larval-pupal apolysis, 2) cryptocephalic pupa, 3) phanerocephalic pupa, and 4) pharate adult. The objective of this work was to describe the external morphology of the distinct phase of development for five species that were collected, identified, and raised in the laboratory; intrapuparial development was studied by fixing immature specimens at regular intervals; the morphological analyses were performed with the aid of both light and scanning electron microscopy. Under the conditions established (27 ± 1.0 or 23 ± 1.0°C, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, 12 h of photoperiod), the minimum time for intrapuparial development was: 252 h for Megaselia scalaris (Loew 1966) (Phoridae), 192 h for Piophila casei (Linnaeus 1758) (Piophilidae), Fannia pusio (Wiedemann 1830) (Fanniidae), and Musca domestica (Linnaeus 1758) (Muscidae), and 96 h for Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794) (Calliphoridae). Intrapuparial development has defined steps, and distinct species responded differently to the same environmental conditions. In addition, it is possible to establish a sequential rule without ignoring the specific characteristics of each taxon.
全变态昆虫经历完全变态，因此它们具有不同的发育阶段（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫），占据不同的生态位。一些蝇类的蛹被蛹壳包围，蛹壳是一种刚性结构，通常由最后一个幼虫龄期的体壁形成。蛹壳具有独特的特征，与幼虫和成虫阶段明显不同。在蛹内发育期间，至少可以区分四个基本连续的步骤，即：1）幼虫-蛹蜕裂，2）隐头蛹，3）显头蛹，4）拟成虫。本工作的目的是描述在实验室中收集、鉴定和饲养的 5 个物种的不同发育阶段的外部形态；通过定期固定未成熟标本来研究蛹内发育；借助光镜和扫描电子显微镜进行形态分析。在所建立的条件下（27 ± 1.0 或 23 ± 1.0°C，60 ± 10%相对湿度，12 h 光周期），蛹内发育的最短时间为：252 h 为 Megaselia scalaris（Loew 1966）（蚤蝇科），192 h 为 Piophila casei（Linnaeus 1758）（丽蝇科），Fannia pusio（Wiedemann 1830）（麻蝇科）和 Musca domestica（Linnaeus 1758）（家蝇科），96 h 为 Chrysomya megacephala（Fabricius 1794）（丽蝇科）。蛹内发育具有明确的步骤，不同的物种对相同的环境条件有不同的反应。此外，可以建立一个顺序规则，而不忽略每个分类群的特定特征。
