ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
PLoS Biol. 2021 Apr 6;19(4):e3001186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001186. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Wild animals face novel environmental threats from human activities that may occur along a gradient of interactions with humans. Recent work has shown that merely living close to humans has major implications for a variety of antipredator traits and physiological responses. Here, we hypothesize that when human presence protects prey from their genuine predators (as sometimes seen in urban areas and at some tourist sites), this predator shield, followed by a process of habituation to humans, decouples commonly associated traits related to coping styles, which results in a new range of phenotypes. Such individuals are characterized by low aggressiveness and physiological stress responses, but have enhanced behavioral plasticity, boldness, and cognitive abilities. We refer to these individuals as "preactive," because their physiological and behavioral coping style falls outside the classical proactive/reactive coping styles. While there is some support for this new coping style, formal multivariate studies are required to investigate behavioral and physiological responses to anthropogenic activities.
野生动物面临着人类活动带来的新的环境威胁，这些威胁可能沿着与人类互动的梯度发生。最近的研究表明，仅仅与人类生活在一起就会对各种抗捕食者特征和生理反应产生重大影响。在这里，我们假设，当人类的存在保护猎物免受其真正的捕食者（如在城市地区和一些旅游景点中有时看到的那样）时，这种捕食者的庇护，以及随之而来的对人类的习惯化过程，会使与应对方式相关的通常相关的特征脱钩，从而产生一系列新的表型。这些个体的特点是攻击性低和生理压力反应低，但具有增强的行为可塑性、大胆和认知能力。我们将这些个体称为“前活跃型”，因为他们的生理和行为应对方式超出了经典的积极/消极应对方式。虽然这种新的应对方式有一定的支持，但需要进行正式的多变量研究来调查对人为活动的行为和生理反应。
