University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Aug;37(15-16):NP13291-NP13314. doi: 10.1177/08862605211005143. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been associated with reduced risk for sexual assault victimization in college women. Sexual assault risk reduction programs have had limited success increasing PBS use, particularly among heavy drinkers, suggesting a need for additional research on the malleable predictors of PBS use. Whereas longitudinal studies show women's decisions to use PBS can be both planned and reactive, little is known about the decision-making processes that affect PBS use on drinking days, when sexual assault risk may be elevated. The current study used ecological momentary assessment to examine variability in the associations between decision-making and PBS use within and across drinking days in first-semester college women. Participants (56 female drinkers) completed a 14-day protocol with three daily measures of intentions and willingness to use PBS, and once-daily diaries of PBS use. Multilevel models examined between-day and within-day effects of intentions and willingness to use PBS with regards to sexual assault PBS (e.g., communicating sexual boundaries) and drinking PBS (e.g., limiting alcohol consumption), respectively. On days when sexual assault PBS willingness increased throughout the day, women tended to use more sexual assault PBS. This association was strongest among women who were typically less willing to use these PBS. Among women who were the least willing to use drinking PBS, their drinking PBS use on days when they reported increased willingness to use them. Decisions to use sexual assault and drinking PBS on drinking days were qualified by women's typical levels of willingness to use the different PBS. This suggests the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy that targets both typical and event-level risk. Individual-level alcohol and sexual assault risk reduction approaches could be enhanced with event-level PBS messaging and evaluation.
保护性行为策略 (PBS) 与减少大学女性遭受性侵犯的风险有关。性侵犯风险降低计划在增加 PBS 使用方面收效甚微，尤其是在重度饮酒者中，这表明需要进一步研究 PBS 使用的可塑预测因素。虽然纵向研究表明，女性使用 PBS 的决定既可以是有计划的，也可以是反应性的，但对于影响饮酒日 PBS 使用的决策过程知之甚少，而在饮酒日性侵犯风险可能会升高。本研究使用生态瞬时评估来检验在大学一年级女性中，在饮酒日和非饮酒日，决策与 PBS 使用之间的关联的可变性。参与者（56 名女性饮酒者）完成了一项为期 14 天的方案，每天进行三次 PBS 使用意图和意愿的测量，以及一次 PBS 使用的每日日记。多层次模型分别考察了意图和使用 PBS 的意愿与性侵犯 PBS（例如，沟通性边界）和饮酒 PBS（例如，限制饮酒量）之间的日间和日内效应。当 PBS 意愿在一天中增加时，女性往往会更多地使用性侵犯 PBS。这种关联在通常不太愿意使用这些 PBS 的女性中最强。在最不愿意使用饮酒 PBS 的女性中，当她们报告增加使用这些 PBS 的意愿时，她们会在这些天使用更多的饮酒 PBS。在饮酒日决定使用性侵犯和饮酒 PBS 的决定取决于女性使用不同 PBS 的典型意愿程度。这表明需要一种多方面的干预策略，既针对一般风险，也针对事件风险。可以通过事件级 PBS 消息传递和评估来增强针对个体水平的酒精和性侵犯风险降低方法。
